The New Deal Flashcards
What were FDR’s new deal purposes ?
-Relief
-Recovery
-Reform
What was the agriculture adjustment act ?
-30% of the labour force worked in agriculture, if they could make a decent living it would benefit economy.
-the aim was to reduce the amount of food farmers were making manually soo that prices would increase and farmers could make a living
-I order to do this the government subsidised US farmers to reduce their acreage and production voluntarily
What was the Tennessee valley act?
-set up to deal with underdevelopment and poverty in Tennessee valley.
-the TVA built 20 huge dams to control floods, educated farmers, provided fertiliser in factories, developed welfare and educational programs. Produced hydro-electric powers
-average income rose 200% between 1929-49
What was the emergency banking relief act ?
-Aim to restore confidence in US banking system
-6th march 1933, FDR closed all banks down for 4 days, because too many were becoming bankrupt, as people withdrew their savings
-act gave treasury power to investigate all banks threatened with collapse.
-the reconstruction fiancé corporation was authorised to buy the banks stock to support them and take on many of their debts.
What was the glass stegal act?
-intended to reform banking long term, commercial banks were banned from investsment banking that had fulled the speculation of the 1920s.
-bank officials couldn’t take out loans from their own banks.
-individual bank deposits were insured up the £2000 financial deposits insurance corporation
What was the national recovery administration ?
-set up to oversee recovery, headed by general Hugh Johnson
- it suspended anti-trust regulation for 2 years to try and help businesses. Firms were encouraged to follow code of practice to regulate unfair competition and to agree on working conditions and wages
-the codes didn’t really help industrial recovery to Johnson’s attempt to encourage people to lend and therefore increase demands for goods
What was the public works administration ?
-second party of NIRA, it’s aim was to stimulate the economy and and help it recover
-the PWA had a fund of £3.5billion, to spend on public work programmes like building roads, dams, hospitals and schools. This would increase the demand for jobs and raw materials.
-the PWA put thousands into work, built 17,000 schools and 50,000 miles of roads
What was the civil works administration?
-agency created in November 1937 with £14 million grant from DWA
-it’s aims was to provide emergency relief to the unemployed during the winter of 1932-34
-put 4 million people to work on public projects
-BUT: it closed down in march 1934 when the winter was over
What was the federal emergency relief act?
-FEAR was given £1800 million to be divided equally among the states to provide relief for the unemployed. This set an important precedent for the federal government to give direct funds to citizens to needed it
-many states believed in balanced budget and opposed borrowing or refused to buy for relief payments
What was the civilian conversation corps?
-unemployment of young women were recruited by the department of labour to work for the CCC in national forest, banks and public lands.
-CCC was originally set up but was extended a further 7 years in 1935
-BUT: run by racists who tried to exclude African American women
How did EPIC oppose FDR new deal?
- EPIC (end poverty in California). Novelist, Upton Sinclair came up with a scheme where the unemployed would be put to work in state-run co-operatives, they would be paid in currency, which they could only spend in other countries-operatives
How did “share our wealth” oppose FDR’s new deal?
-feb 1934, senator huey long from Louisiana moved onto the national scene with the share our wealth programme.
-he advocated for all private fortunes of £3 million should be confiscated and every family should be given enough money to buy a house, car and radio
-there should be equal wages, free collage education and pensions
- grew to be an extremely popular organisation having around 20,000 clubs with up to 4.6 million members
How did “old age recovering pensions incorporated” oppose FDR’s new deal?
How did farther charlie coughing oppose FDR’s new deal?
-priest who ran a programme called “the golden hour of the little flower”, Which became very influential in the 1930s
- 1835 Charlie founded the national union the social justice with the aim of monerty reform and federal distribution of wealth.
- BUT he flopped by becoming severely anti-semantic and loosing followers of his beliefs but was a huge pain for Roosevelt
How did opposition of the Supreme Court oppose FDR’s new deal?
-Monday 27th may 1935, the Supreme Court attacked the new deal in several ways. E.g found the term mortgage act unconstitutional and agreed to remove trade commissions
Ways in which the new deal didn’t help Native Americans?
-24 uninvolved murders of Oklahoma native Americans attracted massive publicity
-1928 report commissioned by the federal government described native property as diseased and disconnected from American society
Ways in which the new deal helped Native Americans ?
- the Indian American reorganisation act in 1934 reorganised and encouraged native cultures from the former policy of assimilation, tribes were organised into sell-governing bodies that could vote to adopt constitutions and have their own legal system. HOWEVER:
—- many argued that the respect for traditional native Americans culture was undermined efforts to modernise society, 75/240 tribes vetoed - Native Americans could take advantages of new deal acts such as CCC + PWA to find jobs.
-John Collier, appointed commissioner of Indian affairs, encouraged the Indian reorganisation act and continued reform to ensure that Native American children could attend local schools
How did the new deal help African Americans ?
-Roosevelt employed more African Americans in governments and the civil service tripled the number of African Americans employed
-1935 the Supreme Court voted against Alabamas ruling for all white members only
-1 million jobs, thousands of homing units and financial assistance
How did the new deal NOT help African Americans?
-the AAA worked against share croppers because farmers who were land owners were paid subsidiary to leave land followers
- the NRA codes allowed African Americans to be paid less than white Americans for the same jobs
-CCC was run by whit southern who were racist and tried to discourage African Americans joining
What was the good neighbour policy ?
- Roosevelt didn’t intend to become involved in European affairs, he wanted American to follow a policy of friendship towards other countries.
-he though the USA could act as a moral force for good in the world, especially to Americans neighbours
-Roosevelt saw his policy as transforming the monroe doctrine into arrangements for mutual hemispheric actions against aggressors
What were consequences of the good neighbour policy ?
- as a result of the policy, US troops left Haiti, Dominican Republic and Nicaragua
- 1934, congress signed a treaty with Cuba nullifying the platt amendment, although they kept a base at Guantanamo
-1938, the policy had led to 10 treaties with Latin American countries, resulting in huge trade increases
-Roosevelt also passed the reciprocal trade agreement in 1934, which moved towards lower trade barriers and greater global engagement
What was the 1st neutrality act ?
-1935, gave the president power to prohibit US ships from carrying US munitions to countries at war. This also prevented US citizens from travelling on ships of those countries at war, reducing risks of past horrors such as sinking of lustinia
What was the 2nd term in the neutrality acts?
-1936, banned loans or credits at war, HOWEVER it set no limits on trade in materials.
-it intended to stop the USA’s banks and big businesses having a vested interest in the outcome of foreign war
What was the 3rd term in the neutrality acts ?
-1937, forbade the export of munitions fore use by either of the opposing forces in the Spanish civil war,although it still allowed nations involved in wars to buy goods from the USA on a cash-and-carry basis. meaning that the USA could still benefit from international trade but wouldn’t risk it’s own citizens or merchants in the process
