The Era Of Reconstruction 1865-77

Question 1

What was the 10% plan?

Answer 1

-April 1864, the rebel states would be admitted if 10% of there electorate agreed to an oath of future Allgiance to USA, supporting acts of congress regarding slavery
-Louisiana was admitted to the union

Question 2

What happened with the 10% plan?

Answer 2

-2 radical senators, Davis and wade introduced the wade-Davi’s bill in June 1865, that required 50% of the electorate to take a much tougher oath of alliance to the union,
-Lincoln vetoed the bill which led to further detariation between congress and the president

Question 3

What was the 13th amendment?

Answer 3

-introduced by Lincoln in November 1464 and approved by Congress by January 1465, formally freeing all slaves

Question 4

What was the freedman’s Bureau?

Answer 4

-March 1465, Lincoln and congress also introduced the Bureau, set up for 1 year to help former slaves, providing education and employment for African Americans
-stayed for an extra 4 years before being vetoed by Andrew Johnson

Question 5

What was the Civil rights bill?

Answer 5

-1866
-instead of working with moderate republicans, Johnson sided with the democrats
-Bill passed by congress gave minimum rights to African Americans
-Johnson vetoed the bill, but for the first time in history congress overturned his veto

Question 6

The 14th amendment?

Answer 6

-To ensure the civil rights bill couldn’t be changed that stated people who were born in US were given equality before law
- the amendment was rejected by all ex-confederate states (minus Tennessee) and failed to get 75% votes to become law from states

Question 7

The military reconstruction bill?

Answer 7

-1867 made by congress, imposed military rule in south, the 10 remaining states were grouped into 5 military districts placed under federal commanders
-to be accepted back, southern states had to elect conventions which would accept the 14th amendment

Question 8

The command of army act?

Answer 8

-apart of radical reconstruction, reduced Johnson’s military powers

Question 9

What was the Tenure of office act ?

Answer 9

-prevented Johnson from, removing hosts office holder, Edwin M Stanton, who called out Johnson
-However Johnson ignored this act which led to his impeachment

Question 10

What was the 15th amendment?

Answer 10

-1869, stated the “right of vote should not be denied on account of race, colour or any previous conditions of servitude”

Question 11

What was the civil rights act?

Answer 11

-1875, to guarantee African Americans equal accommodations in public places, but lack enforcement, southern states didn’t listen

Question 12

What were the enforcement acts and KKK acts?

Answer 12

-1870-71, passed by Grant in response to increased violence in the south
- became a criminal offence to restrict political and civil rights of others
- court enforced habeas course suspended

Question 13

What political scandals damaged Grants reputation and led to the end of reconstruction ?

Answer 13

-During his 1st term a group of speculators attempted to influence the government and manipulate the gold market, Grant had personally known some of the speculators, the plan failed into an panic on September 24th 1869
-The whisky ring scandal of 1875, involved a network of distilaters and public officials who conspired to dis fraud the government of millions in tax revenue, Grants sectary Orville Babcock was involved

Question 14

What happened at the 1976 presidential election?

Answer 14

-Samuel Tilden (Democrat) won the popular votes but the voting returns of Oregon, south Cornelia, Louisiana and Florida were contested so they didn’t have electoral college votes like Hayes did so it was never clear who won the election

Question 15

What was the compromise ?

Answer 15

-1877, attempt to restore the issue from the election, because it said all votes should be awarded to Hayes (republicans)
- the Democrats were outraged so Hayes compromised, agreeing to withdraw federal troops out of south and departure of “carpet baggers” in return for support

Question 16

How was civil war a reason for industrial growth ?

Answer 16

-stimulated manufactured goods
-war provided financial infrastructure to stimulate economic growth

Question 17

How was avability of land a reason for economic growth ?

Answer 17

-USA expanded greatly with westward settlement as it created a market for manufactured goods as well as encouraging further railroad developments

Question 18

How was population growth a reason for economic development ?

Answer 18

-Rapid growth from 1960-70s provided employers for cheap labour
- 2.8 million immigrants moving tonUSA and heading to cities for cheap labour

Question 19

How was Transport a reason for economic growth?

Answer 19

-development in fast railroads, transporting raw materials
- employee thousands of workers

Question 20

What was the Great Depression ?

Answer 20

-1873, due to the economic reversal in Europe and poor state of the banking system
- Jay Cooke and company, a railroad speculators went bankrupt, it was the principle investor of Northern pacific railroads
- The New York stock exchange was closed for 10 days and credit dried up, factories closed their doors thousands were laid off
-millions became unemployed

Question 21

What was manifest destiny ?

Answer 21

-written by John, L Sullervin in 1845, argued that white Americans should populate continents because it was their Devine right so they could spread republicans values and Christianity

Question 22

What was the homestead act of 1462?

Answer 22

-released 160 acres of plot land available to farmers on the basis they would farm land for 5 years
-people interested in homesteading had to first file intentions at the land office, then pay a filling fee of $20 to claim the land along with commission of $2 to the land agent
-by 1865, 20,000 homesteaders had landed on Native American land

Question 23

What was the timber and culture act?

Answer 23

1873 gave homesteaders additional 160 acres provided 40 acres were planted with trees

Question 24

What was the Desserve land act of 1877?

Answer 24

-offered a further 640 acres at $1.25 an acre provided

Question 25

What was the railroad expansion act?

Answer 25

1862 passed by Lincoln, authorised 2 companies to build transcontinental railroad that would cross west on native land

Question 26

What was the second gold rush?

Answer 26

-began in the black hills of Dakota in mid 1870s, when there had been rumours about gold, prospectors found gold in 1874 but the lands were owned by native Americans

Question 27

What was the sand creek massacre ?

Answer 27

-1864 force of 700 troops carvery attacked a undefended camp of Cheyenne tribe, killing women, children and elderly

Question 28

What was the great Sioux war breakout ?

Answer 28

-1867 broke out after the discovery of gold in the hills with prospectors going into native territory.
- the government offered $26 million but the natives denied
- the government then said the natives were being unreasonable, demanding the natives leave to the reservations any who didn’t respond by 1867 would be treated as hostile

Question 29

What was the battle of Little Bighorn?

Answer 29

-General Custer and his men were part of a expeditionary force were sent to round up Sioux and Cheyenne tribes who left the reservations lands
-without waiting for the rest of the force to arrive, he split the group into 3 and attempted to encircle the tribe
-the 200 men came under attack and was overwhelmed by superior numbers

Question 30

What was the reservation policy?

Answer 30

-in 1864 the Dawes act ended communal ownership of land

Question 31

What was isolationism’s ?

Answer 31

The US detached itself from foreign affairs

Question 32

What was the monroe doctrine ?

Answer 32

-established in 1823, by president James Monroe with 3 main points
-US policy was to avoid becoming involved in European wars unless American interest were involved
- the Americans “continents” were not to be colonised by any European powers
-any such attempts at colonisation would be regarded as “unfriendly acts”

Question 33

What lands did the US acquire from 1865-77?

Answer 33

-1867 US acquired inhabited Midway Islands to obtain supplies of Guano to be used manufactured fertilisers and gunpowder
-purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867 for $7.2 million so they could develop Alaska borders for merchant trips, expand coastline and keep UK out