Emergance On The World Stage 1912-1920

Question 1

What was the Federal reserves act?

Answer 1

-created the first central banking system in USA 1912
-BUT the act didn’t build a single bank, which was recommended by the national monetary, and it didn’t succeed in stopping banking failures and panics

Question 2

What was the federal income tax?

Answer 2

-introduced tax had to be paid by anyone earning income over $4,000

Question 3

What was the Revenue act?

Answer 3

-taxed business, profits and estates

Question 4

What was the federal trade commission?

Answer 4

-was formed to investigate corporations and stop unfair practices
-The Clayton act, anti-trust acts made certain business practices illegal

Question 5

What’s the La Follette seaman’s act?

Answer 5

-1915, imposed stricter safety standards on American merchant vessels, improved sailors wages and abolished the crime of desert action

Question 6

What was the federal child labour act?

Answer 6

-made child labour illegal from interstate commerce
-BUT it was declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court 2 years later

Question 7

What’s the workmen’s compensation act?

Answer 7

-ensured that federal employees received sick pay and/or injury benefits

Question 8

What’s the Adamson act?

Answer 8

-laid down 8 hour work days for railroad workers

Question 9

What limited Wilson’s social reforms ?

Answer 9

-showed little sympathy for trade unions, in 1913 Wilson sent in national Guardsmen to deal with the Colorado coal miners. 26 striking workers were killed
-little was done on the welfare front because as a Democrats Wilson believed it was the responsibility of individual states rather than federal government

Question 10

What did Wilson do in reform for African Americans?

Answer 10

-1912, the NAACP, endorsed Wilson’s 1912 election campaign because he promised to treat African Americans equally and to speak out against lynching
-BUT Wilson placed segregationist in charge of federal agencies in federal government, African Americans were systematically segregated from whites in government departments. Wilson also opposed anti-lynching legislation because he said it comes under states jurisdiction

Question 11

What Wilson’s constitutional reforms as president ?

Answer 11

-Banking, economic and financial measures Wilson introduced involved changes to constitution. E.g 16th amendment to the constitution which permitted tax income and extended the role of federal government
-BUT, Wilson refused to do anything it an amendment that gave women the right to vote saying only states could determine suffrage requirements

Question 12

How Progressive was president William Howard Taft?

Answer 12

-broke up over 30 trusts with Sherman anti trust act
-New safety rules for mining
-signed laws for jobs to have 8 hour work days
-BUT Taft lost support when he raised tariffs which raised prices for consumers

Question 13

How was trade a way American stayed neutral from 1814-August 1915?

Answer 13

-gov wanted to maintain trade because it receives 40% of its revenue from tariffs and loss of trade could see millions of dollars lost
-Wilson followed the rules of international law which stated that neutrals could trade with countries at war

Question 14

How was public sentiment and peace movement a way American stayed neutral from 1914- August 1915

Answer 14

-on 29th August 1914 women marched down through NY on peace march
-A number of peace movement developed in America including women’s peace party

Question 15

How was speeches and actions a way American stayed neutral from 1914- August 1915?

Answer 15

-1914 William Jennings Byron began to organise campaigns against war
-in Wilson’s deceleration in 1914 19th August Wilson offered to mediate

Question 16

How was public sentiment also a way American stayed less neutral ?

Answer 16

-lots of anti-German propaganda in the press. Stories of atrocities committed by German soldiers on west front

Question 17

How were speeches and actions of leading politicians a way American became less neutral ?

Answer 17

-Wilson had a natural preference to Britain
-Wilson and advisors, believed German posed a threat to US interest and it would be better to help Britain fight Germany now. The USA already has confrontations with Germany over Samoa in 1889 and Germany also had growing interest in Latin America

Question 18

How was trade in Europe a reason for America becoming less neutral?

Answer 18

-to practice neutrality was impossible as long as the US traded with both Britain arms Germany
-Trade with Britain and France rose to $2.7 billion, by 1916 whilst trade with Germany dropped to $29 million, this was partly due to the British blockade of Germany and allies need for mutations
-American banks provided loans of $2.3 billion to the allies only and $27 million to Germany
-in may 1915 Iwtania sunk

Question 19

What was the Zimmerman telegram ?

Answer 19

-Zimmerman telegram was a coded message sent from foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman to the German ambassador to Mexico, the US ambassador in Britain sent an intercept of the telegram to the state department in February 1917

Question 20

What were the key points of the Zimmerman ?

Answer 20

-Warming America that Germany will now be taking part in unrestricted submarine warfare
-Germany wants to try and keep US neutral
-Make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the basis of : make war together, make peace together, generous financial support, in return Mexico would get the land they lost won

Question 21

How long did the Zimmerman expect the war to last ?

Answer 21

-the telegram believed the war will only last a few short months once Germany uses their U Boats to destroy British ships and starve Britain into surrender

Question 22

How was the American economy affected by WW1?

Answer 22

-the war cost the USA $33.5 million, on top of $7 billion they lent to allies. However 2/3 of the cost of war was raised by loans like the liberty and five war bonds issues between April 1917- April 1919
-Woodrow Wilson created the war industry bored in July 1917 to co-ordinate finance and supplies. The bored has the power to standardise production, fix prices and diversify recourses where they were most needed

Question 23

What was the Knox-Porter resolution ?

Answer 23

-the covenant of the League of Nations was attached to all treaties and, by rejecting membership of the leagues, the US was effectively refusing to sign peace treaties. The problem was solved by Knox-porter resolution in October 1921, this declared that the war over and the senate passed the peace treaties (minus League of Nations)

Question 24

what was US’s involvement in Cuba from 1901-1912?

Answer 24

-1898=the US passed teller amendment which meant they couldn’t annex Cuba
-1901= congress passed Platt amendment which gave USA control of Cuban foreign, financial and commercial affair
-1903= Cuba’s final treaty was signed imposing a new political system on country making them economically dependent on USA
-1906= American forces come back to Cuba as a result of un rest started from 1905 election
-1912= USA invades Cuba with marines to help the Cuban government put down a revolt of former slaves

Question 25

what was US’s involvement in Panama from 1901-1912?

Answer 25

-1903= the Panamanians staged a national revolt for independence from the rule of Columbia
-1914=Panama canal built

Question 26

what was the US’s involvement in Nicaragua from 1901-1912?

Answer 26

-1904= Anti-American president Jose Santos cancelled the economic pillages granted to US mining concerns
-1912,= US sends 3,000 troops into Nicaragua to support Diaz

Question 27

what was US’s involvement in the Dominican Republic from 1901-1912?

Answer 27

-1903= the Republic defaulted re-payments of America loans worth 40 million dollars
-1904= Roosevelt takes control of Republics custom revenue using it to pay off debts

Question 28

what was US’s involvement in China from 1901-1912?

Answer 28

-1898= US sectary Jhon Hay introduced the open door policy with the first open door note asking states to respect each others trading rights in China
-1900= Hay’s announces an extension of the open door policy with a second open door note, asserting the equal trade and impartial trade in all parts of China