The Neural Basics of Cognition

Question 1

Describe the different types of memory

Answer 1

Short term memory:

• Recalled for short time after event
• Requires focus, concentration, holding memory
• working memory: temporary form of memory storage that is limited incapacity and requires rehearsal
• Primarily cortical areas

Long term memory:

• Recalled a long time after they were stored
• Appears to require memory consolidation
  Harder to erase

Question 2

Compare retrograde amnesia to anterograde amnesia

Answer 2

Retrograde amnesia is where you forget past memories

Anterograde amnesia is where you have the inability to acquire new memories

Question 3

What is the trisynaptic pathway in the hippocampus?

Answer 3

The trisynaptic circuit is a neural circuit in the hippocampus, which is made up of three major cell groups: granule cells in the dentate gyrus, pyramidal neurons in CA3, and pyramidal neurons in CA1.

Question 4

Define the different types of Dementia:

Answer 4

Vascular: Caused by small or large stoke in brain = impaired blood supply in brain areas and neuronal death

Frontotemporal: Accumulation of ptau proteins resulting in frontotemporal atrophy

Alzheimer’s: Where beta amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in deposition in temporal lobes progressing to frontal lobes