Revision

Question 1

What is the role of CSF, how is it produced and where is it located?

Answer 1

Function:

1. • buoyancy is allowed because brain has a lot of fatty tissue

• Cushioning is allowed becuse CSF is completely encased in brain
  2. CSF is produced deep inside the cavaties inside the brain
• Cavities are called the ventricular system which are a series of hollow open spaces which derive from the lumen of neural tube and split into multiple ventricles

b ) CSF is produced by choroid plexus (special blood vessel) lining inside of ventricles, flows through ventricles and into subarachnoid space

3. Functions of the CSF include:

a) Cushions delicate neural structures
b) supports brain
c) Transports nutrients, chemical messengers and waste products

Question 2

What general neural area does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 2

Supplies entire lateral cortical surfaces of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes

Question 3

What is the Circle of Willis?

Answer 3

1. Consists of the

a) Anterior cerebral artery
b) Middle cerebral artery
c) Posterior cerebral artery

2. Circle of willis supplies blood to the deep and superficial parts/ structures of the cerebrum
3. ACA, MCA and PCA are connected via posterior communicating artery and anterior communicating artery

Question 4

Describe the anatomy of the eye

Answer 4

Cornea: acts as a structural barrier and protects the eye against infections

Ciliary muscles: A circular muscle that relaxes or tightens the zonules to enable the lens to change shape for focusing.

Retina: contains millions of light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) and other nerve cells that receive and organise visual information. Your retina sends this information to your brain through your optic nerve, enabling you to see

Optic nerve: a bundle of nerve fibers that serves as the communication cable between your eyes and your brain

Question 5

What is phototransduction?

Answer 5

the conversion of light into a change in the electrical potential across the cell membrane. This process involves the sequential activation of a series of signaling proteins, leading to the eventual opening or closing of ion channels in the photoreceptor cell membrane.

Question 6

D`ifference between rods and cones?

Answer 6

Rods are responsible for vision at low light levels (scotopic vision). … Cones are active at higher light levels (photopic vision), are capable of color vision and are responsible for high spatial acuity.

Question 7

Describe the anatomy of the ear

Answer 7

The outer ear is composed of the pinna and the meatus and is designed for the collection and direction or sound waves

Question 8

Describe the anatomy of the ear

Answer 8

The outer ear is composed of the pinna and the meatus and is designed for the collection and direction or sound waves

The middle ear is comprised ossicles and is designed to amplify sound. Malleus, incus and stapes

The inner ear is composed of the cochlea and the basilear membrane is where the computation of the sound waves occur.