Neuroanatomy TLO Flashcards
Define the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System and describe briefly their
respective functions
The Central Nervous System houses the neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It is the control centre
The Peripheral Nervous System houses the cranial and spinal nerves. It serves as a communication line between the CNS and the rest of the body
What is the difference between the cerebrum and the cerebellum?
Cerebrum initiates and coordinates voluntary movements, judgment, thinking and learning
The cerebellum plays an important role in maintaining posture and balance, the coordination of movement and learning new movements
What are grey and white matter composed of?
Grey matter are neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, synapses and capillaries
White matter are myelinated axons which connect each grey matter part to each other
Describe the main functions of lobes of the cerebral cortex
Frontal lobe: Voluntary motor control
Parietal: Conscious perception of touch, pressure, pain, temperature, vibration and taste
Occipital lobe: Conscious perception of vision
Temporal lobe: Conscious perception of auditory and olfactory sensation
Describe the main functions of lobes of the brainstem, (midbrain, pons, medulla
oblongata)
Midbrain: movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing
Pons: generates respiratory rhythm of breathing
Medulla Oblongata : Controls respiratory and cardiac functions
How many layers is the meninges made up of and what purpose does it serve
The meninges is made up of 3 layers and has 3 functions.
- Protect the underlying brain and spinal cord
- Serve as a support framework for important arteries and veins and sinuses
- Enclose the subarachnoid space (with CSF)
Describe the layers of the meninges
Dura Mater - Thick and tough, whilst also being sensitive to pain. Is two layered
Arachnoid - a thin cell layer with arachnoid trabeculae (web-like collagen).
Pia mater - thin, delicate, tightly cover all external contours. Highly vascular and vessels lie on outer Pia surface
What is the function of Wernicke’s area?
Contains the motor neurons that are involved in the comprehension of speech
What is the function of the Broca’s area?
Enables speech production and articulation
What is the primary visual cortex responsible for?
For processing and interpreting visual information from the eyes
What is the primary motor cortex responsible for?
Generating signals that control how a movement is executed
What is the role of the Precentral Gyrus?
To execute voluntary movements
Describe the role of the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Cushions delicate neural structures
- Supports brain
- Transports nutrients, chemical messengers and waste products
Where is the production and location of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Choroid Plexus:
Where is the production and location of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Choroid Plexus: A secretory tissue that has the role of secreting Cerebrospinal Fluid
