The Nervous Test Flashcards
Meninges
Three layers of protective tissue in the brain and spinal cord
(Dura matter, arachnoid matter, and pis matter) in the brain and spinal cord
Brainstem
Responsible for involuntary actions such as breathing and heart rate
Also sends information from PNS to the brain
Cerebral spinal fluid
Fluid found in the meninges that cushions the brain and spinal cord. Blood vessels provides nourishment and removes waste from the spinal cord
Paralysis
Loss of muscle function for one or more muscles. Mostly due to injury to nervous system
CNS
Interneurons
Consists of the spinal cord and brain
PNS
Two divisions sensory and motor
Motor division
Motor neurons
Somatic devoid system
Autonomic nervous system
Reflex
Somatic nervous system
Motor neurons in this division carry out voluntary movements
Autonomic nervous system
Motor neurons in this division carry out involuntary actions
Reflex
An unconscious response to a stimulus such as pupil dilation, knee-jerk, ect.
Stimulus
What causes the nervous system to respond
Receptor
What receives the stimulus
Effector
What responds to the stimulus (always a muscle or gland)
Dendrites
Takes signals to cell body
Cell body
Houses the nucleus and other organelles
Axon
Takes signals/impulses away from cell body
Synapse
Space between neurons
Myelin
Substance that covers the axon; speeds up impulse and protects axon
Sensory neuron
Picks up internal or external stimuli and coverts it to a nerve
Interneuron
Brain/spinal cord. Takes impulse and interprets it, decided if further action should be taken, then sends a message
Motor neuron
Sends impulse to a muscle or gland, the muscle contracts or releases a hormone
Gray matter
Cell body
White matter
Axon
Cerebrum
Responsible for thought, feelings, learning, ect.
Cerebellum
Responsible for coordination of movements and balance
Cerebrospinal fluid
Found in the meninges. It cushions the brain. Blood vessels nourish and remove waste
Reflex pathway
Sensory neuron–> Interneuron in spinal cord–> motor neuron
Pathway impulse takes down neuron
Dendrite–>cell body–>axon–>axon tip–>synapse–>dendrite of another neuron or a muscle or gland
Pathway impulse takes from stimulus to effector
Stimulus–>receptor–>sensory neurons–>Interneurons–>motor neurons–>effector
Pathway of light through the eye
Cornea–>aqueous humor–>pupil–>lens–>vitreous humor–>retina–> optic nerve
Sclera
Tissue that makes up outer surface of the eye
Iris
Eye color. Muscle in the iris regulates the size of the pupil do it regulates amount of light coming into the eye
Cornea
Protection and initial focus of light coming into eye
Pupil
Opening in the center if the eye of the iris that’s let’s light interior of the eye
Lens
Located behind the pupil and is responsible for flipping the image (upside down) before it reacted the retina
Retina
Back of eye. The receptor cells cons and rods
Cones: light and being able to see at night
Rods: color vision
Optic nerve
Sensory neuron in eye that brings information to the brain
Aqueous humor
Supplies lens, iris, and cornea with nutrients and oxygen, carried off waste
Vitreous humor
Chamber behind the lens. Substance that gives the eye it’s shape
Gray matter
Cell body
White matter
Axon
What is the spinal cord composed of?
Bundle of Interneurons
Fight or flight
Autonomic
