The Nervous System: Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves Flashcards
What is the nervous system?
It’s the body’s control center & communication network
What are the two major categories of the nervous system?
Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)
What does the CNS control?
Control center for whole body. Includes the brain and spinal cord
What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) made up of?
All the nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord with sensory receptors, muscle, and glands.
What are the two categories that the PNS is divided up into?
The Afferent peripheral system and the Efferent peripheral system
What does the Afferent peripheral system include?
Afferent (sensory neurons) that convey information from receptors in the periphery of the body to the brain Nd spinal cord
What does the efferent peripheral system do/consist of?
Consist of Efferent (motor) neurons and coveys information from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands
What are the two subdivisions that the efferent can be further divided into?
The Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
What does the somatic nervous system do?
It conducts impulses from the brain and spinal cord to skeletal muscle. Thereby causing us to respond/react to changes in our external environment.
What does the automotive nervous system do? (ANS)
It conducts impulses from the brain and spinal cord to smooth muscle tissue (digestive track), cardiac muscle tissue and endocrine glands. ANS is considered to be involuntary.
What are the two subdivisions of Autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
The sympathetic and parasymethic division
What does the sympathetic do, and what neurotransmitter does it use?
The Sympatheic stimulates or speeds up activity and energy expenditure in fight or flight responses.
Uses Norepinephrine
What does the parasympatheic divison do?
Stimulates/speeds up body’s vegetative activities such as digestion, urination and restores, slows down other activities.
It uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter
What are neurons?
Nerve cells
What do neurons do?
transmit nerve impulses electrochemically.
What is a nerve?
A bundle of nerve cells or fibres.
What is a neuroglia?
Cells that perform support and protection
Neuroglia are also called what?
Glial cells.
They make up over 60% of all brain cells
Do neuroglia cells conduct impulses?
NO
What are the different types of Neruoglia? (5)
Astrocytes: star shaped cells that wrap round nerve cells for supporting network in the brain and spinal cord.
Oligodendroglia: (look like small astrocytes) forming semirigid connective-like tissue rows between neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
(Also produce Myelin)
Microglia: small cells that protect the CNS and whose role is to engulf and destroy microbes like bacteria and cellar debris
Ependymal cells: line the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain. Produce cerebrospinal fluid, other move the fluid with cilia through the CNS
Schwann cells from myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS
What is a percept?
The brain’s record of event. Can be conscious or unconscious
What are the myelin sheaths used for?
Protection and insulation/
Are Schwann cells located in both the CNS and PNS?
No they are only located in the PNS
What do the Ependymal cells line?
The cavities of the brain and spinal cord