respiratory system part 3 Flashcards
TV
tidal volume
normal breathing at rest
IRV
inspiratory reserve volume
how much more you can breath in after normal inhale
ERV
expiratory reserve volume
how much more can breathe out after normal exhale
RV
residual volume
always some left
IC
inspiratory capacity
FRC
functional residual capacity
VC
vital capacity
TLC
total lung capacity
6000ML
IC formula
TV+ IRV
FRC formula
ERV + RV
VC formula
TV+IRV+ERV
TLC formula
TV+IRV+ERV+RV
dead space
inspired air that never contributes to gas exchange
Anatomical dead space
volume of the conducting zone conduits (~150 ml
Alveolar dead space
alveoli that cease to act in gas exchange due to collapse or obstruction
Spirometer
instrument used to measure respiratory volumes and capacities
Obstructive pulmonary disease
increased airway resistance (e.g., bronchitis)
harder to get air out
inflammation, mucus COPD emphysema
Restrictive disorders
reduction in total lung capacity due to structural or functional lung changes (e.g., fibrosis or TB)
difficulty getting air in, expanding lungs. lung tissue not as complient
Minute ventilation
total amount of gas flow into or out of the respiratory tract in one minute
Forced vital capacity (FVC):
gas forcibly expelled after taking a deep breath
Forced expiratory volume (FEV):
the amount of gas expelled during specific time intervals of the FVC
what increases as a result of obstructive disease
Increases in TLC, FRC, and RV may occur as a result of obstructive disease
what reduces as a result of restrictive disease
Reduction in VC, TLC, FRC, and RV result from restrictive disease
what happens to alveoli in obstructive disorder
keep expanding until burst