the nervous system

Question 1

How does the nervous system maintain homeostasis?

Answer 1

The nervous system regulates body structures and processes to maintain homeostasis despite fluctuations in the internal and external environment

Question 2

Central Nervous system?

Answer 2

Network of nerves that includes the brain and spinal cord that integrates and processes information sent by nerves

Question 3

Peripheral nervous system?

Answer 3

network of nerves that carry sensory messages to the central nervous system and send information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands

Question 4

Somatic nervous system?

Answer 4

Consists of sensory receptors in the head and extremities, responsible for conscious, voluntary reactions (punching something)

Question 5

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

Responsible for involuntary, subconscious actions (heart beat)

Question 6

The autonomic nervous system is split up into 2 parts:

Answer 6

Sympathetic: stress response, prepares body for an emergency
Parasympathetic: returns body to normal

Question 7

What are neurons?

Answer 7

Basic structural and functional parts of the nervous system. Release chemicals that regulate various body processes

Question 8

Dendrite? (Neuron structure)

Answer 8

receives signals from other neurons and relate the impulse to the cell body

Question 9

Cell body? (Neuron structure)

Answer 9

The main part of a neuron, containing the nucleus and other organelles and processes input from the dendrites

Question 10

Axon? (Neuron structure)

Answer 10

Long, cylindrical extension of a neurons cell body, transmits impulses away from the cell body along its length to the next neuron

Question 11

White matter?

Answer 11

Nerves with a myelin sheath around it

Question 12

Grey matter?

Answer 12

Nerves without a myelin sheath around it

Question 13

Myelin sheath? (Neuron structure)

Answer 13

The fatty insulating layer around the axon of the nerve cell; speeds up the rate of nerve impulse transmission

Question 14

Schwann cell?

Answer 14

Insulating cell that wraps around the axon of neuron, creating a myelin sheath

Question 15

Node of ranvier?

Answer 15

Gaps, between Schwann cells where the membrane of the axon is exposed

Question 16

Sensory neurons?

Answer 16

Gather information from sensory receptors and transmit these impulses to the central nervous system

Question 17

Interneurons?

Answer 17

Found within the central nervous system, they act as a link between the sensory and motor neurons.

Question 18

Motor Neurons?

Answer 18

Transmit information from the central nervous system to the effectors

Question 19

Reflex arc?

Answer 19

Simple connection of neurons that results in a reflex action in response to a stimulus

Question 20

Resting membrane potential?

Answer 20

The amount of force your nerves need to feel before your effectors feel physical pain

Question 21

Synapse?

Answer 21

A small gap at the end of a neuron that allows a signal to pass from one neuron to the next

Question 22

Neurotransmitter

Answer 22

Chemical secreted by neurons to carry a neural signal from one neuron to another, or from a neuron to an effector

Question 23

acetylcholine?

Answer 23

An enzyme called cholinesterase is released into a synapse where it breaks down acetylcholine. Sarin destroyed this function by blocking the release of cholinesterase. With the buildup of acetylcholine, critical muscles enter a state of constant contraction of paralysis.

Question 24

Dopamine?

Answer 24

Affects the brain synapses in control of body movements

Question 25

Serotonin?

Answer 25

Regulates temperature and mood control

Question 26

Endorphins?

Answer 26

Act as natural painkillers in synapses of the brain

Question 27

The spinal chord is protected by WHAT?

Answer 27

Cerebrospinal fluid and the vertabrae

Question 28

Cerebellum?

Answer 28

Involved in the co-ordination of fine motor skills

Question 29

Medulla Oblongata?

Answer 29

Controls heart rate, breathing, and swallowing

Question 30

Pons?

Answer 30

Serves as a relay denture between the neurons of the right and left halves of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the rest of the brain

Question 31

Midbrain

Answer 31

Part of the brain that relays visual and auditory information

Question 32

Thalamus?

Answer 32

Sensory relay centre that receives sensations of touch, heat, and pain.

Question 33

Hypothalamus?

Answer 33

Region of the forebrain that helps to regulate the body’s internal environment as well as certain aspects of behaviour.

Question 34

Cerebrum?

Answer 34

The largest part of the brain which contains the centres for intellect, memory, and language.

Question 35

Frontal Lobes?

Answer 35

Control reasoning, critical thinking memory, and personality

Question 36

Occipital lobes?

Answer 36

Receive and analyze visual information

Question 37

Temporal lobes?

Answer 37

Processing Visual information and auditory reception

Question 38

Parietal lobes?

Answer 38

Revive and process sensory information from the skin.

Question 39

Corpus Callasum?

Answer 39

A bundle of white matter that joins the two cerebral hemispheres of the cerebrum of the brain

Question 40

Meninges?

Answer 40

Three layers of tough, elastic tissue within the skull and spinal column