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circulatory system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the circulatory system?

A

The system of vessels that transports blood, and the cells and substances suspended in the blood, throughout the body

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2
Q

The circulatory system assists the body in maintaining homeostasis by carrying out three main functions:

A

1) transportation - it transports gases, nutrients, and waste materials from the excretory system

2) regulation - it regulates internal temperature and transports hormones

3) protection - it protects against blood loss from injury and against pathogens

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3
Q

HEART?

A

The pumping mechanism - pushes blood through the body and generates blood flow

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4
Q

BLOOD VESSELS

A

transport vessels - roadways through which blood moves

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5
Q

BLOOD?

A

The transport medium - blood carries nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, wastes, and other materials throughout the body

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6
Q

The heart keeps oxygen WHAT blood separate from oxygen WHAT blood

A

Oxygen RICH blood separate from oxygen POOR blood

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7
Q

The heart keeps blood flowing away from what?

A

Away from the heart in arteries and toward the heart in veins

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8
Q

Left Atrium and Left ventricle

A

Receive oxygen rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body

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9
Q

Right ventricle and right atrium

A

Receive oxygen poor blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs

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10
Q

Septum

A

Prevents mixing of oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood

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11
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the LA

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12
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

blood vessel that Carrie’s oxygen poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

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13
Q

Aorta

A

Major artery that Carrie’s oxygen-rich blood away from the LV to all regions of the body except the lungs

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14
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Collects oxygen-poor blood from the upper body and returns it to the RA

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15
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Collects oxygen poor blood from the upper body and returns it to the RA

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16
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Collects oxygen poor blood from the lower body and returns to the RA

17
Q

Bicuspid Valve

A

Has two flaps and ensures blood flows from LA to LV

18
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

It has three flaps and ensures blood flows from RA to RV

19
Q

Left Semi-Lunar valve

A

directs blood from LV to aorta

20
Q

Right semilunar valve

A

Directs blood from RV to pulmonary artery

21
Q

Typical resting heartbeat?

A

70 bpm

22
Q

SA NODE?

A

Generates an electrical signal that spreads over the two atria and causes the cardiac muscle to contract, producing a regular heartbeat

23
Q

AV Node

A

Receives stimulus from the SA node and causes the walls of the ventricles to contract

24
Q

NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE?

A

120/80

25
Q

Artery?

A

Thick, highly elastic walls that carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart

26
Q

Vein?

A

Blood vessel that carries oxygen oxygen poor blood toward the heart that have one way valves to prevent back flow of blood due to gravity

27
Q

Capillary

A

Site of exchange of oxygen and nutrients in the blood for carbon dioxide and waste in the body

28
Q

Coronary pathway

A

Blood flow through the cardiac muscle cells of the heart

29
Q

Pulmonary Pathway

A

Pathway from heart to lungs via the pulmonary artery and lungs to heart via pulmonary vein

30
Q

Systemic Pathway

A

Pathway between the heart and the upper and lower body

31
Q

Plasma takes up?

A

55% of blood

32
Q

Red Blood Cells take up?

A

44% of blood

33
Q

White blood cells and platelets take up ?

A

1% of blood

34
Q

White blood cells?

A

Protect the body from infection

35
Q

Platelets?

A

Play a major role in blood clotting

36
Q

Macrophages?

A

Trap pathogens and other foreign bodies

37
Q

Lymphocytes?

A

Produce antibodies that locate pathogens and incapacitate

38
Q

Antibodies?

A

Attract cells that will destroy the pathogen

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