excretory system

Question 1

What are the KIDNEYS?

Answer 1

kidneys are the main excretory organs, they excrete wastes and excess water from the blood

Question 2

what are the LUNGS?

Answer 2

Lungs remove carbon dioxide and small amounts of other gases (water vapour) from the body

Question 3

what is the LIVER

Answer 3

The liver removes metabolic waste. It excreted water, salts, lipids, and removes harmful substances such as alcohol and drugs from the blood through detoxification.

Question 4

What is the SKIN?

Answer 4

The skin removes excess heat and helps maintain the body temperature. It also excepted water, salts, and some urea in perspiration.

Question 5

What are URETERS?

Answer 5

Ureters are tubes that carry wastes from the kidneys to the bladder

Question 6

What is the BLADDER?

Answer 6

The bladder is the storage area for urine. Drainage is controlled by muscles called Sphincters.

Question 7

How many mL’s can your bladder hold?

Answer 7

Up to 800 mL’s, but we become aware of the fluid at 250mL’s, and become uncomfortable at 500mL’s

Question 8

What is the URETHRA?

Answer 8

The urethra is the passageway from the bladder to the opening from which urine exits the body

Question 9

Each kidney consists of 3 layers:

Answer 9

1) Renal Cortex
2) Renal Medulla
3) Renal Pelvis

Question 10

Renal Artery

Answer 10

Brings oxygen-rich blood TO the kidney

Question 11

Renal Vein

Answer 11

Carried oxygen-rich blood AWAY from kidney

Question 12

The wastes filtered by kidneys are made up of 3 nitrogen containing compounds, what are they?

Answer 12

1) Urea: produced in the liver, main component of urine
2) Uric Acid: produced from the breakdown of RNA and DNA
3) Creatinine

Question 13

How can humans function with only one kidney?

Answer 13

If one kidney stops working, the other increases in size to handle the workload.

Question 14

The Renal Cortex

Answer 14

Where blood is filtered

Question 15

The Renal Medulla

Answer 15

Carry the filtrate (filtered blood) to the Pelvis through collecting ducts

Question 16

The Renal Pelvis

Answer 16

A hollow cavity where urine accumulates and then drains into the ureter

Question 17

What are Nephrons?

Answer 17

Nephrons are the functional units within the kidney that remove waste, while reabsorbing useful molecules and water

Question 18

Where are nephrons found?

Answer 18

Within The Renal Cortex and The Renal Medulla

Question 19

GLOMERULUS

Answer 19

A mass of thin-walled capillaries located in the cortex of the nephron

Question 20

BOWMANS CAPSULE

Answer 20

A double-walled structure that encapsulates the glomerulus

Question 21

Proximal Tubule

Answer 21

Leads from the Bowman’s capsule to the Loop Of Henle

Question 22

Loop Of Henle

Answer 22

A long loop which extends to the medulla

Question 23

Distal Tubule

Answer 23

Connects to the loop of Henle to the collecting duct

Question 24

Collecting Duct

Answer 24

Passes urine on to the renal pelvis of the Kidney

Question 25

There are 3 functional regions of the Nephron

Answer 25

1) The Filter
- the glomerulus filters waste, allowing only the smallest of molecules to pass as filtrate
2) The Tubule
- this long tube acts as a reabsorption device, absorbing useful substances back into the blood
3) The Duct
- the collecting duct reclaims water from the filtrate, whatever is left turns into urine

Question 26

Glomerular Filtration

Answer 26

In the filtration process, filtrate forms. Water and solutes from blood plasma are pushed into the nephron down a pressure gradient.

Question 27

Tubular Reabsorption

Answer 27

In the tube, water and useful sources are reabsorbed into the blood for re-use by the body

Question 28

Tubular Secretion

Answer 28

In the tube, additional wastes and excess substances from the blood enter the tube to be to be excreted

Question 29

Water reabsorption

Answer 29

In the tube and the duct, water is removed from the filtrate and reabsorbed in to the blood for re-use by the body.

Question 30

What is Renal Insufficiency?

Answer 30

A state in which the kidneys cannot maintain homeostasis due to nephron damage

Question 31

ADH?

Answer 31

ADH is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland upon being stimulated by the hypothalamus. It travels to the kidneys, causing the nephrons to absorb water when you are dehydrated.

Question 32

In which order does nephron anatomy appear?

Answer 32

Glomerulus, Bowman’s Capsule, Proximal Tube, Loop Of Henle, Distal Tube, Collecting Duct