The Nervous System Flashcards
The nervous system has 3 main functions, what are they?
- receive stimuli from internal and external environment
- analyse and integrate these stimuli
- cause a necessary response
The nervous system can be broken down into two… what are they?
central and peripheral nervous system
The nervous system is made up of primarily two types of cells, what are they?
- neurons (responsible for transmission of nerve impulses from one neuron to another via a synapse).
- neuroglial cells - connective tissue supports the neuron.
What type of cell produces myelin (fatty substance)?
Schwann cells
What are the three types of neuron?
- sensory
- motor
- interneurons
Define the terms: Afferent & Efferent
Afferent - moving towards
Efferent - moving away
What is the purpose of neuroglial cells?
protect neurons from pathogens and remove dead neurons.
Visceral sensory & motor nerves are associated with…
the organs and body systems (involuntary control)
Somatic sensory & motor nerves are associated with…
the somatic structures, muscles, tendons and joints. (voluntary control).
4 things…
Neurotransmitters travel between neurons at the synaptic cleft (gap between neurons). What does it include??
- acetylcholine
- adrenaline
- dopamine
- serotonin
What does the central nervous system consist of?
The brain and spinal cord.
The brain and spinal cord and made up of mainly two types of tissue, what are they & are they un/myelinated?
Grey (unmyelinated) & White (myelinated) matter
What is the brain protected by?
cranium, ventricular system, meninges, blood brain barrier
What is the epidural space useful for?
administration for delivery of local anaesthetics or analgesics.
What does cerebrospinal fluid surround and what is it’s function?
Surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Protects and supplies nutrients.
The brain consists of 3 distinctive areas, what are they?
forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
cranial nerves - off the brain
spinal nerves - off the spine
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12 pairs
In what dog breed is Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) commonly seen?
Daschounds
The thoracic limb consists of what peripheral nerves?
radial, median and ulna nerves
What are the 4 peripheral nerves found within the pelvic limb?
femoral, saphenous, sciatic, tibial nerves
Fight or flight correlates with the _______________
sympathetic
Rest and digest correlates with the _________________
parasympathetic system
