Digestive System

Question 1

What are the 5 stages of digestion?

Answer 1

1. ingestion
2. digestion
3. absorption
4. metabolism
5. excretion

Question 2

List the components of the dog and cat digestive system:

Answer 2

oral cavity (mouth, lips, teeth and tongue), pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), and large intestine (caecum, colon, rectum and anus).

Question 3

The oral cavity can be divided into separate regions??

Answer 3

The buccal cavity (inside of the cheek)
Central cavity (hard palate dorsally, tongue ventrally, and teeth laterally).

Question 4

hint: 3 parts

What is the function of the oral cavity?

Answer 4

• prehension (pick up food with lips and tongue)
• break food up (via mastication)
• lubrication (easier to swallow (saliva)).

Question 5

Mandible is the……….. jaw.
Maxilla is the……… jaw.

Answer 5

bottom, upper

Question 6

What muscles control the closing of the jaw?

Answer 6

the masseter and temporalis

Question 7

What muscle controls the opening of the jaw?

Answer 7

the digastricus

Question 8

What is the tongue composed of and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 8

made of striated muscle fibres.
moves food around the mouth during mastication.

Question 9

The salivary glands are comprised of what 4 main glands?

Answer 9

parotid, madibular, sublingual, and zygomatic

Question 10

Define the terms: enamel, dentine, cement, crown, root.

Answer 10

enamel - shiny white outer covering
dentine - forms the main part of the tooth
cement - holds the tooth in the gum
crown - above the gum
root - below the gum

Question 11

Define - deciduous teeth

Answer 11

known as milk or temporary teeth

Question 12

how many weeks for a cats deciduous teeth to erupt?

Answer 12

all teeth start to erupt at 2 weeks of age and complete at 4 weeks.

Question 13

Outline the weeks for each tooth (erupt) in the dog (incisors, canines, premolars, molars).

Answer 13

incisors - 3-4 weeks
canines - 5 weeks
premolars - 4-8 weeks
molars - absent

Question 14

Define: Permanent dentition

Answer 14

known as adult teeth

Question 15

Outline the weeks for each tooth in dogs (months, permanent dentition (incisors, canines, premolars, molars)).

Answer 15

incisors - 3.5-4months
canines - 5-6months
premolars - 4-7months
molars - 5-7months

Question 16

What tissue covers the laynx during swallowing?

Answer 16

Epiglottis

Question 17

Define: deglutition

Answer 17

swallowing

Question 18

Explain the function of the oesophagus

Answer 18

carries food from the pharynx to the stomach via peristalsis.

Question 19

Explain the function of the stomach

Answer 19

Collects and holds food, mechanical breakdown of food by contractions and peristalsis, start chemical/enzymatic breakdown, begin protein digestion.

Question 20

The stomach is divided into three regions, what are they?

Answer 20

1. cardia
2. fundrus
3. pylorus

Question 21

Define the terms: Chyme & Chyle

Answer 21

Chyme - stoMach fluid
Chyle - Lymphatic fluid

Question 22

The small intestine contains 3 parts, what are they?

Answer 22

1. duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum

Question 23

What does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 23

enzymes (lipase, amylase, proteases) and bicarbonate into the duodenum.

Question 24

Where is bile stored?

Answer 24

the gallbladder

Question 25

True or False: the small intestine is larger than the large intestine.

Answer 25

True.

Question 26

The large intestine can be divided into 4 parts, what are they?

Answer 26

1. caecum 2. colon 3. rectum 4. anal sphincter

Question 27

What vein takes products of digestion to the liver?

Answer 27

The hepatic portal vein.

Question 28

Examples of ruminant animals:

Answer 28

cows, sheep, goats, deer, giraffe...

Question 29

Examples of hindgut fermenters:

Answer 29

rabbits, some rodents, horses, rhinos, tapir...

Question 30

Define: Copraphagia

Answer 30

consumption of faeces