The Nervous System Flashcards
Study of neurological disorders and diseases and their diagnosis and treatment
NEUROLOGY
branch of neurology concerned with the study of structures of the nervous system
Neuroanatomy
Branch of neurology concerned with teh study of the function of the nervous system
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
Types of cells in CNS
- Glial cells (neuroglia)
- astrocytes
- Oligodendroglia
- ependymal cells
- microglia
The glia cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are called
SCHWANN CELLS AND SATELLITE CELLS
The neurglia (glia) cells transmit nerve impulses
T or F
FALSE
Glia cells do NOT transmit nerve impulses; they mainly support and protect the nerve cells
The most important type of nerve cells that receives, processes and transmits information to other same type of cell
NEURONS
TWO PARTS OF THE NEURON (NERVE CELL)
- Nerve fibers
- Soma or cell body (contains the nucleus)
The core of the cell body is called the _________.
NUCLEUS
Projections of the cell body that specialize in receiving and conducting stimuli
AXONS AND DENDRITES
short fibers that extend from the cell body that receive neural impulses generated from the axons of other cells and transmit those impulses to the cell body.
DENDRITES
A single neuron can have a multitude of _______, which branch out to form a _______ ______.
DENDRITES; DENDRITIC TREE
Each cell has a single ____ which is wrapped in a _____ ____
AXON; MYELIN SHEATH
Part of axons that contain neurotransmitters and makes close contact with or touches the dendrite of another neuron
TERMINAL/END BUTTON
Axons send ______ impulses generated within the neuron; these impulses are sent _____ from the cell body to other neurons
OUT; AWAY
white insulating sheath that surrounds axons
MYELIN
- Made of Schwann cells in the PNS
and Oligodendroglia in the CNS
- breaks at the junction between cells facilitate impulse transfer
Parts of the Nervous System
- PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
- CENTERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Neurons communicate with each other through junctions called _______
SYNAPSES
A synapse consists of:
- terminal button of one neuron
- the receptive site another neuron
- synaptic cleft or space between the terminal and receptive site
the chemical process of information exchange at the level of the synapse
NEURAL TRANSMISSION
chemical contained within the terminal buttons that helps make contact between two cells by diffusing itself across the synaptic space
NEUROTRANSMITTER
Neurotransmitters cause the ______ and ________ of the next neuron
INHIBITION & EXCITATION
Two important neurotransmitters in the motor system
DOPAMINE & ACETYLCHOLINE
3 basic types of neurons
MOTOR NEURONS
SENSORY NEURONS
INTERNEURONS
Neurons that carry sensory impulses from the peripheral sense organs toward the brain
- also called afferent neurons
SENSORY NEURONS
Neurons that transmit impulses away from the CNS
- causes glandular secretions or muscle contractions (movement)
- also called efferent neurons
MOTOR NEURONS
the most common type of neuron in the nervous system
- links neurons with other neurons
- plays an important role in controlling movement
INTERNEURONS
