Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

Parts of Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 1

• cranial nerves
• spinal nerves
• Autonomic nervous system
  
  • sympathetic branch
  • parasympathetic branch

Question 2

The PNS is a collection of nerves outside the _____ ______ and skull

Answer 2

spinal column and skull

Question 3

nervous system that carries sensory and motor impulses back and forth fromt he brain to various parts of the body

Answer 3

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 4

Three types of nerves in the PNS

Answer 4

1. Cranial (12)
2. Spinal (31 pairs)
3. Autonomic

Question 5

Cranial Nerves

Answer 5

• On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Anyhow
  
  • I - Olfactory
  • II - Optic
  • III - Oculomotor
  • IV - Trochlear
  • V - Trigeminal
  • VI - Abducens
  • VII - Facial
  • VIII - Vestibulocochlear
  • IX Glossopharyngeal
  • X - Vagus
  • XI - Spinal accessory
  • XII - Hypoglossal

Question 6

Cranial Nerve I

Answer 6

Olfactory

Smell (sensory)

Question 7

CN II

Answer 7

Optic

Vision (sensory)

Question 8

CN III

Answer 8

Oculomotor

Eye movement (motor)

Question 9

CN IV

Answer 9

Trochlear

Eye movement (motor)

Question 10

CN V

Answer 10

Trigeminal

Face (sensory); Jaw (motor)

Question 11

CN VI

Answer 11

Abducens

Eye movement (motor)

Question 12

CN VII

Answer 12

Facial

Tongue (sensory); face (motor)

Question 13

CN VIII

Answer 13

Vestibulocochlear

Hearing and balance (sensory)

Question 14

CN IX

Answer 14

Glossopharyngeal

Tongue and pharynx (sensory); pharynx only (motor)

Question 15

CN X

Answer 15

Vagus

Larynx, respiratory, cardiac and gastrointestinal systems

(sensory and motor)

https://youtu.be/bNPfjLnnJzA

Question 16

CN XI

Answer 16

Spinal accessory

Shoulder, arm, and throat movements (motor)

Question 17

CN XII

Answer 17

Hypoglossal

Mostly tongue movement (motor)

Question 18

Which Cranial Nerves are involved with speech, language and hearing?

Answer 18

V, VII, XII

Vagus, Facial, Hypoglossal

Question 19

3 sensory branches of CN V

Answer 19

1. Opthalmic - sensory branches for nose, eyes, forehead
2. Maxillary - sensory branches from nose, upperlip, maxilla, upper cheek, upper teeth, maxillary sinus, nasopharynx, palate
3. Mandibular - from mandible, lower teeth, lower lip, tongue, part of the cheeck and part of external ear

• transmits tactile, pain, and temperature but not taste stimuli from anterior two-thirds of tongue
• Also has motor fibers that innervate various jaw muscles, including temporalis, lateral & medial pterygoids, masseter, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric

Question 20

Sign of unilateral upper motor neuron lesions to cranial nerve V

Answer 20

• minimally impacts motor function because CN V is bilaterally innervated
• will cause jaw to deviate towards affected side when mouth is closed

Question 21

Bilateral damage to cranial nerve V

Answer 21

• inability to close mouth
• difficulty chewing
• Trigeminal neuralgia - sharp pain in facial area

Question 22

CN V is a motor nerve

Answer 22

False

its a motor and sensory nerve (mixed nerve)

Question 23

CN VII is a mixed nerve

Answer 23

True

Sensory fibers are responsible for taste sensations on the anterior two thirds of the tongue

Motor fibers innervate muscles important to facial expression and speech

Question 24

Unilateral upper motor neuron lesion to CN VII will only paralyze the lower face

T/F

Answer 24

TRUE

the upper portion of the face is bilaterally innervated so unilateral UMN damage would result in paralysis only to lower face

Question 25

Inability to move the upper and lower face resulting in mask-like appearance with miniml or no facial expression indicates damage to what cranial nerve?

Answer 25

Cranial Nerve VII - Facial indicates bilateral damage to facial nerve

Question 26

When there is a sign of unilateral damage to the facial nerve?

Answer 26

A smile drawn to the undamaged side

Question 27

Glossopharngeal Nerve CN IX is a mixed nerve T/F

Answer 27

True it has sensory, motor, and autonomic components

Question 28

Functions of sensory component of CN IX glossopharyngeal

Answer 28

* assists in processing taste sensations from the posterior third of tongue * provides sensation for tympanic cavity, ear canal, eustachian tube, faucial pillars, tonsils, soft palate, and pharynx

Question 29

Functions of motor fibers of glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

Answer 29

* innervates the stylopharyngeus - a muscle that raises and dilates the pharynx. * May innervate the superior pharyngeal constrictor * Supplies motor fibers to pharyngeal plexus along with CNX that innervates the upper pharyngeal constrictor muscles.

Question 30

Signs of lesions in glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 30

* difficulty in swallowing * unilateral loss of gag reflex * loss of taste and sensation from posterior third of tongue

Question 31

CN X Vagus is a mixed nerve T/F

Answer 31

True * contains motor, sensory and autonomic fibers * called a wandering "vagus" nerve cause it extends from neck into chest and stomach * Motor fibers supply the digestive system, heart, lungs, pharynx, and larynx * Sensory- conveys info from digestive system, heart, trachea and bronchi, lower pharynx, larynx, and epiglottis. * transmits pain, touch and temperature sense from skin covering the tympanic membrane and ear canal. * Includes RLN and SLN, pharyngeal branch

Question 32

Branch of the vagus nerve that regulates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, excluding the cricothyroid; The left side courses uner the heart and back up to the esophagus, trachea and larynx

Answer 32

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN)

Question 33

Damage to this branch of the vagus nerve during thyroid surgery can result in total or partial paralysis fo the vocal folds; Damage to its left branch during cardiac surgery can result in paresis or paralysis of the left vocal fold

Answer 33

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve | (RLN)

Question 34

The branch of the vagus nerve that supplies the pharyngeal constrictors and all the muscles of the velum except the tensor veli palatini; It also transmits sensory information from the base of tongue and pharynx

Answer 34

Pharyngeal Branch

Question 35

Branch of vagus nerve that is divided into internal (sensory) and external (motor) branches

Answer 35

SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE (SLN) * Internal - receives sensory information from the larynx above the vocal folds * External - innervates the cricothyroid muscle; damage to this branch results in inability to change pitch

Question 36

Signs of Damage to Vagus Nerve

Answer 36

Due to its extensive course, damage to vagus nerve includes a variety of sequelae * difficulty swallowing * paralysis of velum (resulting in nasality issues) * voice problems (aphonia, hoarseness, breathiness, roughness) if RLN is damaged

Question 37

Motor Nerve that runs under the tongue

Answer 37

CN XII Hypoglossal Nerve

Question 38

Cranial nerve that supplies all extrinsic tongue muscles except for palatoglossus muscle; and supplies all intrinsic muscles of tongue.

Answer 38

CN XII Hypoglossal

Question 39

Signs of damage to CN XII

Answer 39

Lesions to hypoglossal nerve can result in : * tongue paralysis * diminished intelligibility * swallowing problems