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A&P Lab Exam 3 > The Nervous System - 1 > Flashcards

The Nervous System - 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two divisions of the nervous system.

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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2
Q

What is the CNS made up of?

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the PNS made up of?

A

Nerves and Ganglia

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4
Q

Where are nerves and ganglia found?

A

THe Peripheral Nervous System

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5
Q

What are the two types of nerves?

A

-

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6
Q

What is a nerve?

A

a bundle of axons

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7
Q

What is a bundle of axons?

A

a nerve

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8
Q

What is a ganglia?

A

Bundle of cell bodies outside of the CNS

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9
Q

What do you call a bundle of cell bodies outside of the CNS?

A

Ganglia

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10
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

A

Sensory Division

Motor Division

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11
Q

What makes up the sensory division of the PNS?

A

Visceral

Somatic

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12
Q

What makes up the motor division of the PNS?

A

Visceral (aka autonomic)

Somatic

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13
Q

What makes up the visceral division of the motor division of the PNS?

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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14
Q

What do sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions belong to?

A

The Visceral part of the motor division of the PNS

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15
Q

Name two types of nervous tissue cell types?

A

Neuron

Neuroglia

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16
Q

What is a neuron?

A

-

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17
Q

What is a neuroglia?

A

-

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18
Q

Name the three structures of a neuron.

A

Dendrites
Cell body (aka Soma)
Axon

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19
Q

What is an myelinated axon?

A

White matter-

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20
Q

What is an unmyelinated axon?

A

Grey matter

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21
Q

Which direction does an impulse travel?

A

Dendrite to axon

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22
Q

What makes up a the cell body (soma) of a neuron?

A

Nissl bodies

Nucleus

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23
Q

What two ways are neurons classified?

A

Function

Shape

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24
Q

How are neurons classified by function?

A

Sensory (aka afferent) neurons
Association neurons (aka Interneurons)
Motor (aka efferent) neurons

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25
Q

What is the function of a sensory neuron?

A

Bringing info into the brain. From outside body or inside body

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26
Q

What is the function of an association neuron?

A

Neurons that communicate btw two other neurons.

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27
Q

What is the function of a interneuron?

A

-

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28
Q

What is the function of a motor neuron?

A

-

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29
Q

What is the function of an afferent neuron?

A

-

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30
Q

What is the function of an efferent neuron?

A

-

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31
Q

Where are interneurons found?

A

CNS

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32
Q

What neurons are found in the CNS?

A

Association neurons (aka interneurons)

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33
Q

What neuron makes up 90% of neurons in your body?

A

association neurons (interneurons)

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34
Q

How are neurons classified by shape?

A

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar

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35
Q

What neurons are multipolar?

A

Motor

Association

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36
Q

What neurons are bipolar?

A

Sensory - nose and eyes

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37
Q

What neurons are unipolar

38
Q

What is a multipolar neuron?

39
Q

What is a bipolar neuron?

40
Q

What is a unipolar neuron?

41
Q

What three structures of the brain must we know?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem

42
Q

What does the brain stem include?

A

Includes the diencephalon, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

43
Q

What is the function of the Cerebrum?

44
Q

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

45
Q

What is Cerebrospinal fluid?

46
Q

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?

47
Q

What produces cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Neuroglia

Choroid plexuses

48
Q

Where is cerebrospinal fluid located?

A

Subarachnoid space in meninges
Ventricles of brain
Central canal of spinal cord

49
Q

What is located in Subarachnoid space in the:
meninges
Ventricles of brain
Central canal of spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

50
Q

What is the function of the meninges?

51
Q

(????) What makes up the meninges?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space (CSF)
Pia mater

52
Q

What surrounds and protects both the brain and the spinal cord?

A

(???) The meninges

53
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

54
Q

How many ventricles does the cerebrum have? Name them

A

4

  • Lateral ventricles (first & second: Septum pellucidum & interventricular foramina)
  • Third ventricle (cerebral [aka mesencephalic] aquaduct.
  • Fourth ventricle
55
Q

What do the lateral ventricles consist of?

A

Septum pellucidum

Interventricular foramina

56
Q

What is the Septum pellucidum?

A

It is the first lateral ventricle of the Cerebrum. It separates left and right lateral ventricles.

57
Q

What is the Interventricular foramina?

A

It is the second lateral ventricle of the Cerebrum.

It connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle.

58
Q

What is the third ventricle of the Cerebrum?

A 
Cerebral aqueduct (aka mesencephalic aquaduct). 
It connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle.
59
Q

What does the fourth ventricle of the cerebrum do?

A

It narrows and becomes the central canal and spinal cord.

60
Q

Name the two convolutions of the cerebrum.

A

Gyri

Sucli

61
Q

Name two characteristics about the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.

A

Separated by longitudinal fissue

Each hemisphere has five lobes

62
Q

What is the cortex and nuclei of the cerebrum?

A

Gray matter

63
Q

What is the gray matter of the cerebrum?

A

Cortex and nuclei

64
Q

Where is the white matter of the cerebrum?

A

It is deep.

65
Q

Name the four lobes of the cerebrum.

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe

66
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum’s frontal lobe?

A

Primary motor cortex
Language
Higher functioning

67
Q

Describe the cerebrum’s fontal lobe’s higher functions.

A

Creativity, judgment, motivation, emotions, personality.

68
Q

What lobe of the cerebrum acts as the primary motor cortex?

A

Frontal lobe

69
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum’s Parietal lobe?

A

Primary sensory cortex
Language
Taste (gustation)

70
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum’s Occipital lobe?

A

Vision (along with small portions of the parietal and temporal lobes)

71
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum’s temporal lobe?

A

Hearing
Smell (olfaction)
Taste

72
Q

What love the cerebrum is responsible for language?

A

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

73
Q

What love the cerebrum is responsible for higher functioning?

A

Frontal lobe

74
Q

What love the cerebrum acts as the primary sensory cortex?

A

Parietal lobe

75
Q

What love the cerebrum is responsible for taste (gustation)?

A

Parietal lobe

76
Q

What love the cerebrum is responsible for Vision?

A

Occipital lobe (along with small portions of the parietal and temporal lobe).

77
Q

What love the cerebrum is responsible for hearing?

A

Temporal lobe

78
Q

What love the cerebrum is responsible for smell (olfaction)?

A

Temporal lobe

79
Q

What love the cerebrum is responsible for taste?

A

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

80
Q

What part of the brain is the corpus callosum in?

81
Q

What is the function of the Corpus callosum?

82
Q

Name two characteristics of the Cerebellum.

A

It is separated from the cerebum by the transverse fissure

Two hemispheres connected by the vermis.

83
Q

What many functions does the cerebellum have? Name them.

A 
4 functions
Motor coordinations
Posture
Time keeping
Sensory evaluation (ex. detecting textures/ tones)
84
Q

(????Note: these are not actual parts of the brain stem) What parts of the brain stem must we know?

A

Diencephalon
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

85
Q

Name the parts of the diencephalon we need to know.

A 
Pineal gland
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Mammillary bodies
86
Q

What is the function of the Pineal gland?

87
Q

What is the function of the Thalamus?

A

‘sorts’ sensory information

88
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A 
Controls hormonal secretion (pituitary gland)
Monitors body temperature
Hunger and thirst
Sleep cycles
Memory
89
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

A

secretes hormones

90
Q

What are mammillary bodies?

A

Part of the limbic system

91
Q

What is the limbic system?

A&P Lab Exam 3 (15 decks)

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