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AS-II Module-III > The neck region > Flashcards

The neck region Flashcards

1
Q

Superior thoracic aperture

A

Opens directly into the base of the neck

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2
Q

Axillary inlets

A

openings on each side to the upper limb

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3
Q

Anterior and posterior bones and cartilage

A

Posterior: cervical vertebrae
Anterior bone: Hyoid, manubrium, clavicles
Anterior cartilage: thyroid cartilage and trachea

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4
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there ?

A

7 cervical vertebrae

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5
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there ?

A

8 cervical spinal nerves

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6
Q

Which cervical vertebrae are typical?

A

C3-C6

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7
Q

Which cervical vertebrae are atypical?

A

C1,C2,C7

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8
Q

General characteristics of a typical cervical vertebrae.

A
  • small body
  • large vertebral foramen(often triangle shaped)
  • transverse foramen
  • bifid(split or 2 parts) spinous process
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9
Q

C7 vertebra description

A

Called vertebra prominens

  • long spinous process
  • not bifid AKA normal/single process
  • smallest transverse process
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10
Q

C1 vertebra structure

A

C1 is the ATLAS

  • Lacks body
  • lacks spinous process
  • forms atlanto-occipital joint
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11
Q

C1 vertebra function

A
  • Allows for flexion and extension(some lateral flexion

- Anterior and posterior atlanto-occiptial membranes provide broad support and prevent excessive movement

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12
Q

C2 vertebra structure

A
  • Has a body
  • bifid spinous process
  • the dens(odontoid process)
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13
Q

C2 vertebra description and function

A

C2 is the AXIS

  • Forms the atlantoaxial join with C1
  • three articulations with the atlas(right and left lateral atlanto-axial, median atlanto-axial joint)
  • Rotation between C1-C2
  • Strong ligaments hold the dens in place
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14
Q

Alar ligament

A

Side of dens to foramen magnum

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15
Q

Transverse ligament

A

extends between tubercles in the medial aspect of C1 vertebra

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16
Q

Cruciate ligament

A

formed by transverse ligament and its superior/inferior extensions

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17
Q

Hyoid bone

A

C3 vertebral level
no bony articulation
suspended by muscles and ligaments (Stylohyoid) and bound to the thyroid cartilage by the thyrohyoid membrane.
Function: serves as a strong attachment site for anterior neck muscles.

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18
Q

Laryngeal cartilages

A

levels C3-C6
Protects air passages and involved in voice production
-nine cartilages(3 single cartilages and 3 pairs)

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19
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Produces calcitonin and thyroid hormone
deep to infrahyoid muscles
large unpaired gland with two lobes and a connecting isthmus.

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20
Q

thyroid gland blood supply

A

Superior thyroid artery: off of the external carotid artery

inferior thyroid artery: largest branch of the thyrocervical trunk

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21
Q

Sternocleidomastoid(attachments)

A

Lateral superior nuchal line and mastoid process to:

  • Medial third of clavicle
  • anterior surface of manubrium
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22
Q

Sternocleidomastoid(innervation)

A

Motor: Accessory nerve(CNXI)
Sensory: C2 and C3

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23
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (action)

A

Unilateral action: Lateral flexion to the same side and rotation to the opposite side
Bilateral action: cervical flexion

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24
Q

Trapezius(attachment)

A

Skull, scapula and clavicle

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25
Q

Trapezius(Innervation)

A

Motor: CN XI
Sensory: C2 and C3

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26
Q

Anterior scalene(attachment and action)

A

attachment: Transverse process of C4-C6 to 1st rib
action: flex the neck and elevate first rib

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27
Q

Anterior scalene(innervation)

A

Cervical spinal nerves C4-C6

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28
Q

Middle scalene(attachment and action)

A

attachment: Transverse process of C4-C6 to 1st rib
action: flex the neck LATERALLY and elevate first rib

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29
Q

Middle scalene(innervation)

A

Ventral rami cervical nerves

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30
Q

Posterior scalene(attachment and action)

A

Transverse process of C4-C6 to 2nd rib

Lateral flexion and elevate 2nd rib

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31
Q

Posterior scalene(innervation)

A

Ventral rami of C6 and C7 cervical nerves

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32
Q

Omohyoid(attachments and innervation)

A 
Superior scapula(omo) to hyoid bone
Innervation: C1-C3(ansa cervicalis
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33
Q

Sternohyoid (attachments and innervation)

A

Manubrium and medial clavicle to hyoid

innervation: C1-C3 (ansa cervicalis)

34
Q

Sternothyroid (attachments and innervation)

A

Manubrium to thyroid cartilage

innervation: C2-C3 by a branch of the ansa cervicalis

35
Q

Thyrohyoid(attachments and innervation)

A

Thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone

C1 via hypoglossal nerve

36
Q

what are the strap muscles’ collection action

A

depress the hyoid during swallowing and speaking

Thyrohyoid also elevates the larynx

37
Q

Mylohyoid (attachments and innervation)

A

Mylohyoid line of the mandible to the hyoid bone

innervation: nerve to the mylohyoid (CNV3)

38
Q

Geniohyoid (attachments and innervation)

A

Deep to mylohyoid
mental spine of the mandible to the hyoid
Innervation: C1 via hypoglossal nerve

39
Q

Anterior belly of the digastric (attachments and innervation)

A

Digastric fossa of the mandible to the intermediate tendon

innervation: nerve to mylohyoid (V3)

40
Q

Posterior belly of the digastric (attachments and innervation)

A

Mastoid notch to the intermediate tendon

innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

41
Q

Stylohyoid (attachments and innervation)

A

Styloid process of the temporal to hyoid

innervation: facial nerve CNVII

42
Q

Suprahyoid muscle action

A

The suprahyoid make a portion of the floor of the mouth(support)
Elevate the hyoid and larynx

43
Q

Cervical plexus(location and origin)

A

Formed by anterior rami of C1-C4

Lies deep to SCM

44
Q

what are the main subdivision of the cervical plexus and their general function

A

Superficial branches
-Cutaneous innervation
Deep branches
-motor innervation(ansa cervicalis)

45
Q

What are the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?

A
  • lesser occipital nerve
  • great auricular nerve
  • transverse cervical
  • supraclavicular
46
Q

Lesser occipital nerve(origin and innervation)

A

Contribution from C2

innervates skin of neck and scalp behind the ear

47
Q

Great auricular nerve(origin and innervation)

A

Branches from C2-C3

innervates skin over parotid gland, sheath of parotid gland and skin of auricle

48
Q

Transverse cervical (origin and innervation)

A

Branches from C2-C3

skin of the anterior neck region

49
Q

Supraclavicular (origin and innervation)

A

Branches from C3-C4

Skin across clavicles and shoulder to the second rib

50
Q

What does the ansa cervicalis supply?

A

Motor to infrahyoid muscles

51
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

CNXII
Motor innervation to the tongue muscles except palatoglossus
Cell body in the medulla, exits skull via hypoglossal canal
passes external carotid artery and jugular vessels
Motor fibers from C1(come C2) to the hyoid muscles( geniohyoid and thyrohyoid)

52
Q

Spinal accessory nerve

A

CNXI
Spinal root-cell bodies in the anterior horn of the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord
Rootlets ascend into the cranial cavity via foramen magnum.
Cranial root- part of cranial nerve X
The two roots unite at the jugular foramen the separate.
CNXI descends along the ICA picks up sensory from C2 & C3
Provides motor and sensory(C2-C3)innervation to the SCM and trapezius.

53
Q

What part of the body does the thoracic trunk drain?

A

Everything but the upper right quadrant

54
Q

What part of the body does the Right lymphatic trunk drain?

A

The upper right quadrant

55
Q

Where do the thoracic duct and right lymphatic trunk drain?

A

Into the subclavian at the junction of the IJV

56
Q

what do the jugular trunks drain?

A

The neck and head

57
Q

what do the subclavian trunks drain?

A

The upper extremities

58
Q

What are the component of lymphatic drainage of the neck and head?

A 
Superficial nodes around the head
superficial nodes along the external jugular vein
paratracheal nodes
retropharyngeal nodes 
infrahyoid nodes
59
Q

what do the occipital nodes drain?

A

Posterior scalp and neck

60
Q

what do the mastoid nodes drain?

A

the posterolateral half of scalp

61
Q

what do the Preauricular and parotid nodes drain?

A

anterolateral scalp and upper half of face

62
Q

what do the submandibular nodes drain?

A

follows facial vein drainage- anterior face, gingiva teeth tongue

63
Q

what do the submental nodes drain?

A

lower lip, chin floor of mouth, tip of tongue and lower incisor teeth

64
Q

Superficial cervical lymph nodes (location and function)

A

Along the external jugular vein

Send lymphatic vessels toward the deep cervical nodes

65
Q

Depp cervical nodes(divisions and location)

A

Jugulodigastric node
Jugulo-omohyoid node
Forms a chain at IJV

66
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the tongue

A

Root of the tongue==>superior deep cervical nodes(jugulodigastric)
medial body==>inferior deep cervical nodes(juguloomohyoid)
right and left lateral==> submandibular nodes
tip of tongue and frenulum ==> submental
Submental and submandibular drain into the inferior deep cervical nodes

67
Q

Where do the teeth and gingivae lymphatic drain into?

A

submandibular, submental, and deep cervical nodes

68
Q

what divides the anterior and posterior triangle?

A

The SCM

69
Q

Boundaries of the posterior triangle

A

Posterior border of SCM
Anterior border of the trapezius
Clavicle

70
Q

contents of the posterior triangle

A 
Accessory nerve
cervical plexus
brachial plexus(trunks)
EJV
Subclavian artery/vein
suprascapular artery
cervical lymph nodes
71
Q

Boundaries of the anterior triangle

A

Anterior border of the SCM
Inferior border of the mandible
midline of the neck

72
Q

Subdivisions of the anterior triangle

A

muscular triangle
carotid triangle
submandibular triangle
submental triangle

73
Q

Boundaries of the muscular triangle

A

SCM
Superior belly of the digastric
midline of the neck to the hyoid bone

74
Q

contents of the muscular triangle

A

infrahyoid muscles thyroid gland

parathyroid gland

75
Q

Boundaries of the Carotid triangle

A

SCM
Superior belly of the omohyoid
posterior digastric

76
Q

contents of the carotid triangle

A 
Carotid sheath
hypoglossal nerve
accessory nerve
ansa cervicalis 
deep cervical lymph nodes
77
Q

Boundaries of the submandibular triangle

A

anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric

inferior border of the mandible

78
Q

contents of the submandibular triangle

A 
submandibular gland
hypoglossal nerve 
submandibular lymph nodes 
nerve to the mylohyoid
facial artery and vein
79
Q

Boundaries of the submental triangle

A

Right and left anterior belly of the digastric

hyoid bone

80
Q

contents of the submental triangle

A

submental lymph nodes and veins

AS-II Module-III (7 decks)

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