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AS-II Module-III > Root of the neck > Flashcards

Root of the neck Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of the root of the neck

A

Anterior: The manubrium of the sternum

lateral: The first ribs
posterior: vertebra T1

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2
Q

what part of the thoracic cavity in in the root of the neck?

A

The pleural cavities and the apical portion of the lungs

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3
Q

What lies posterior to the first part of the subclavian arteries?

A

The cervical pleurae, apices of the lung, and the sympathetic trunk

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4
Q

Origin of the subclavian artery.(right and left)

A

Right originates as a terminal branch of the Brachiocephalic trunk
Left is a direct branch off the arch of the aorta

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5
Q

Location of the subclavian.

A

Pass anterior to the pleural cavity

lie posteriorly to the anterior scalene muscle

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6
Q

what do the subclavian arteries become after passing the first rib

A

The axillary arteries

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7
Q

What are the subdivisions of the subclavian artery and divides it?

A 
The first(medial), second(posterior) and the third( lateral)
This is due/relative to the anterior scalene muscle
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8
Q

what are the branches off the first part of the subclavian artery?

A

Vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, and the thyrocervical trunk

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9
Q

What are the branches off the second and third part of the subclavian artery?

A

Second part: Costocervical trunk

Third part: Dorsal scapular artery

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10
Q

What is the path that the vertebral artery travels?

A

Ascends into the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae and enters the foramen magnum

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11
Q

What is the path that the internal thoracic artery travels?

A

Runs inferiorly through the thoracic inlet and parallel to the body of the sternum descending on the internal aspect of the anterior chest wall

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12
Q

What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

A

one thyroid and two cervical branches.

  • Suprascapular artery
  • Transverse cervical artery
  • Inferior thyroid artery
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13
Q

What is the path that the suprascapular artery travels?

A

It crosses the anterior scalene, enters the posterior triangle, and passes posteriorly to the suprascapular region of the back

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14
Q

What is the path that the transverse cervical artery travels?

A

Crosses the scalenus anterior(aka anterior scalene) to enter the posterior triangle to supply lateral structures of the neck

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15
Q

What is the path that the inferior thyroid artery travels?

A

Ascends in the neck and arches medially and downward to enter and supply the inferior portion of the thyroid gland.
———–a large muscular branch off of this is the ascending cervical artery which goes straight up

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16
Q

Costocervical trunk branches and where the go

A

the deep cervical artery supplies the muscles of the root of the neck
The supreme intercostal artery goes to the upper two intercostal spaces

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17
Q

What is the path that the dorsal scapular artery travels?

A

passes laterally by the trunks of the brachial plexus anterior to the middle scalene, then runs deep to the levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles, supplying both and participating in the arterial anastomoses around the scapula

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18
Q

What forms the subclavian vein and where does it happen?

A

The axillary vein becomes the subclavian at the lateral border of the first rib, anterior to the attachment of the anterior scalene muscle

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19
Q

What are the tributaries that the subclavian receives?

A
  • external jugular vein
  • vertebral vein
  • internal thoracic vein
20
Q

Which parts of the subclavian do the phrenic nerves run by?

A

The left crosses anterior to the first part of the subclavian artery
The right lies on the anterior to the second part of the subclavian artery
Both sides they run posterior to the subclavian vein and anterior to the internal thoracic artery as it enters the thorax.

21
Q

The path/branch of the right vagus nerve>

A

Crosses anterior to the right subclavian artery and gives off the right laryngeal recurrent nerve

22
Q

The path/branch of the left vagus nerve>

A

Passes anterior to the arch of the aorta and gives off the left recurrent laryngeal nerve which passes interior then posterior to the arch of the aorta

23
Q

Where is the location of the sympathetic trunk in the neck?

A

It is outside and posterior to the carotid artery

24
Q

Describe the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk(in the neck)

A

They consist of eight sympatheic ganglia that coalesce as three major swellings

25
Q

List the three major swellings oft he sympathetic trunk

A
  • Inferior cervical ganglion
  • middle cervical ganglion
  • superior cervical ganglion
26
Q

Location of the Inferior cervical ganglion

A

Just above the subclavian artery

27
Q

Location of the middle cervical ganglion

A

At vertebral level C6 opposite of the cricoid cartilage

28
Q

Location of the superior cervical ganglion

A

Long fusiform ganglion about 2-3 cm long from C1-C2/C3

29
Q

Stellate ganglion

A

When the inferior cervical ganglion fuses with the ganglion at T1

30
Q

Describe the fascia of the neck and its main layers?

A

Connective tissue compartmentalizing the structures of the neck

  • -Superficial fascia
  • -Deep fascia
31
Q

Superficial cervical fascia

A

A thin layer of subcutaneous connective tissue between the dermis and the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia.
-Contains cutaneous nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels, superficial lymph nodes, and variable amounts of fat, anterolaterally it contains the platysma muscle.

32
Q

What are the layers of the deep cervical fascia

A

Investing, pretracheal, and the prevertebral

33
Q

Investing layer of deep fascia(describe)

A

Most superficial layer of the deep fascia. Surrounds entire neck deep to the skin and superficial cervical fascia. Splits and encloses(invests) the trapezius and the SCM.

34
Q

Suprasternal space

A

The space formed between the two layers of the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia that cover the sternum.

35
Q

Pretracheal layer(general description)

A

A thin layer of the deep cervical fascia in the anterior layer of the neck. extends inferiorly from the hyoid bone into the thorax and blends in with the fibrous pericardium

36
Q

Pretracheal layer(layers and what is enclosed)

A

Muscular layer: encloses the infrahyoid muscles

Visceral layer: encloses the thyroid gland and trachea

37
Q

Buccopharyngeal fascia

A

Thin, posterior lamina of the pretracheal fascia that separates the esophagus from the prevertebral fascia

38
Q

prevertebral fascia

A

Encloses the scalenes, deep back ms., vertebrae.

anterior portion attaches to the anterior tubercle of the vertebrae.

39
Q

Alar fascia

A

The anterior layer of the split prevertebral fascia, deep to the buccopharyngeal fascia.

40
Q

Carotid sheath(general description)

A

Tubular investment from the base of the skull to the to the root of the neck.
blends in with the investing and pretracheal layers of the fascia(anteriorly) and the prevertebral fascia (posteriorly)

41
Q

Carotid sheath(contents)

A
  • Common and internal carotid arteries
  • IJV
  • Vagus nerve(CN X)
  • Deep cervical lymph nodes
  • Carotid sinus nerve
  • Sympathetic nerve fibers (or the carotid periarterial plexuses)
42
Q

Which fascias communicate with the mediastinum of the thorax and cranial cavity?

A

The carotid sheath and pretracheal fascia.

Giving potential for spread of infection and blood

43
Q

Retropharyngeal space(Location and boundaries)

A 
Anterior: buccopharyngeal fascia(visceral)
Posterior: Alar(prevertebral) fascia
Lateral: carotid sheath
Superior: base of skull
Inferior: Mediastinum
44
Q

Parapharygeal space(borders)

A

aka lateral pharyngeal space

  • superior: skull
  • inferior:hyoid bone
  • lateral: medial pterygoid muscle(in the head) or the SCM(in the neck)
  • medial and anterior borders: superior constrictor(head) and buccopharygeal fascia
    posterior: alar fascia dn carotid sheath
45
Q

prevertebral space

A

between the alar fascia and the prevertebral fascia

Danger zone due to the fact it is continuous with the skull and the thorax

AS-II Module-III (7 decks)

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