Forearm, Wrist and Hand Flashcards
Where does the brachial artery start and from what artery?
Starts at the inferior border of the teres major. It is the continuation of the brachial artery.
Where does the brachial artery divide and what does it divide into?
at the level of the elbow
- radial artery
- ulnar artery
what are the major branches of the ulnar artery
Anterior interosseous artery
posterior interosseous artery
what does the ulnar artery ultimately supply?
Superficial palmer arch
what does the radial artery ultimately supply?
Deep palmer arch
Describe the venous drainage of the hand.
There is a dorsal network that drains the deep and superficial palmar arches.
It drains into the cephalic vein on the lateral side and to the basilic vein on the medial side
Where do the basilic and cephalic vein drain to?
to the axillary vein
Median cubital vein
the communication between the basilic and cephalic vein in the cubital fossa
List the carpal bones
Proximal carpals: Scaphoid, lunate, triquestrum, pisiform
Distal carpals: hammate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium
Radiocarpal articulation
Between distal radius and proximal carpals
- condyloid type
- wrist flexion/extension
- wrist AB/AD
Midcarpal articulation
Between distal and proximal row of carpal bones
- plane synovial joint
- glide motion between carpals
Distal radioulnar joint
Between the distal end of radius and ulna
- pivot synovial joint
- supination/pronation
What is the ligament that forms the carpal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum(transverse carpal ligament)
what muscles work on the wrist?
extensors
flexors
palmaris longus
extensors(attachment)
lateral epicondyle of humerus
base of metacarpals
Extensors(action and innervation)
Wrist extension
-radial nerve
Felxors(attachment)
medial epicondyle of humerus
base of metacarpals
felxors(action and innervation)
wrist flexion
-median and ulnar nerve
Palmaris longus(attachement)
medial epicondyle of humerus to fascia of palm
palmaris longus(action and innervation)
tenses fascia of palm
median nerve
Extrinsic digit flexors(list and innervation)
-Flexor digitorum superficilalis
-Flexor digitorum profundus
innervated by median and ulnar nerves
what does the carpal tunnel contain?
Extrrinsic tendons of the digit flexors as well as th main branch of the median nerve
Extreinsic digit extensors (list and innervation)
extensor digitorum(ED, EDC)
extensor indicis proprius
extensor digiti minimi
radial nerve
Extrinsic-thumb mucles (list)
Flexor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus and brevis
abductor pollicis longus
What are the intrinsic hand muscle groups?
Hypothenar group
thenar group
WHat innervates the hypothenar group?
ulnar nerve
What innervates the thenar group?
Median nerve
Lumbricals (attachmen)
Flexor tendons in palm
dorsum of proximal phalanges
(cross to the anterior side of the MP joints)
Lumbricals (action and innervation)
Flex at MP & extend at PIP/DIP
Median and ulnar nevre
Dorsal and palmar interrossi
Attachments: metacarpals to proximal phalanges
Dorsal: 4 muscles aBduction, ulnar nerve
palmar: 3 muscles, aDduction, ulnar nerve
