Forearm, Wrist and Hand

Question 1

Where does the brachial artery start and from what artery?

Answer 1

Starts at the inferior border of the teres major. It is the continuation of the brachial artery.

Question 2

Where does the brachial artery divide and what does it divide into?

Answer 2

at the level of the elbow

• radial artery
• ulnar artery

Question 3

what are the major branches of the ulnar artery

Answer 3

Anterior interosseous artery

posterior interosseous artery

Question 4

what does the ulnar artery ultimately supply?

Answer 4

Superficial palmer arch

Question 5

what does the radial artery ultimately supply?

Answer 5

Deep palmer arch

Question 6

Describe the venous drainage of the hand.

Answer 6

There is a dorsal network that drains the deep and superficial palmar arches.
It drains into the cephalic vein on the lateral side and to the basilic vein on the medial side

Question 7

Where do the basilic and cephalic vein drain to?

Answer 7

to the axillary vein

Question 8

Median cubital vein

Answer 8

the communication between the basilic and cephalic vein in the cubital fossa

Question 9

List the carpal bones

Answer 9

Proximal carpals: Scaphoid, lunate, triquestrum, pisiform

Distal carpals: hammate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

Question 10

Radiocarpal articulation

Answer 10

Between distal radius and proximal carpals

• condyloid type
• wrist flexion/extension
• wrist AB/AD

Question 11

Midcarpal articulation

Answer 11

Between distal and proximal row of carpal bones

• plane synovial joint
• glide motion between carpals

Question 12

Distal radioulnar joint

Answer 12

Between the distal end of radius and ulna

• pivot synovial joint
• supination/pronation

Question 13

What is the ligament that forms the carpal tunnel?

Answer 13

Flexor retinaculum(transverse carpal ligament)

Question 14

what muscles work on the wrist?

Answer 14

extensors
flexors
palmaris longus

Question 15

extensors(attachment)

Answer 15

lateral epicondyle of humerus

base of metacarpals

Question 16

Extensors(action and innervation)

Answer 16

Wrist extension

-radial nerve

Question 17

Felxors(attachment)

Answer 17

medial epicondyle of humerus

base of metacarpals

Question 18

felxors(action and innervation)

Answer 18

wrist flexion

-median and ulnar nerve

Question 19

Palmaris longus(attachement)

Answer 19

medial epicondyle of humerus to fascia of palm

Question 20

palmaris longus(action and innervation)

Answer 20

tenses fascia of palm

median nerve

Question 21

Extrinsic digit flexors(list and innervation)

Answer 21

-Flexor digitorum superficilalis
-Flexor digitorum profundus
innervated by median and ulnar nerves

Question 22

what does the carpal tunnel contain?

Answer 22

Extrrinsic tendons of the digit flexors as well as th main branch of the median nerve

Question 23

Extreinsic digit extensors (list and innervation)

Answer 23

extensor digitorum(ED, EDC)
extensor indicis proprius
extensor digiti minimi
radial nerve

Question 24

Extrinsic-thumb mucles (list)

Answer 24

Flexor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus and brevis
abductor pollicis longus

Question 25

What are the intrinsic hand muscle groups?

Answer 25

Hypothenar group

thenar group

Question 26

WHat innervates the hypothenar group?

Answer 26

ulnar nerve

Question 27

What innervates the thenar group?

Answer 27

Median nerve

Question 28

Lumbricals (attachmen)

Answer 28

Flexor tendons in palm
dorsum of proximal phalanges
(cross to the anterior side of the MP joints)

Question 29

Lumbricals (action and innervation)

Answer 29

Flex at MP & extend at PIP/DIP

Median and ulnar nevre

Question 30

Dorsal and palmar interrossi

Answer 30

Attachments: metacarpals to proximal phalanges
Dorsal: 4 muscles aBduction, ulnar nerve
palmar: 3 muscles, aDduction, ulnar nerve