Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy of the head, neck and spine > The Neck > Flashcards

The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Borders of the neck

A

Anteriorly - from the lower border of the mandible to the upper surface of the manubrium
Posteriorly - from the superior nuchal line (occipital bone) to the intervertebral disc between C7 and T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functional compartments

A

Anterior visceral compartment - parts of digestive and respiratory systems and endocrine glands

Posterior vertebral compartment - cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, cervical nerve, muscles (support)

2 lateral neurovascular compartments - blood vessels and vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fascia of neck

A

Superficial and deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Superficial fascia contains

A

thin sheet of muscle than blends in with the muscles of the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Deep fascia contains

A

Investing layer - surrounds everything
Pre vertebral layer - surrounds posterior compartment
Pre tracheal layer - surrounds anterior compartment
Carotid sheaths - surround neurovascular compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neck - C1

A

Open mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neck - C2

A

Superior cervical ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neck - C3

A

Body of hyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neck - C4

A

Upper body of the thyroid cartilage, bifurcation of common carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neck - C6

A

Cricoid cartilage, middle cervical ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neck - C7

A

Inferior cervical ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Boundaries of thoracic inlet

A

T1 posteriorly, 1st ribs anteriorly, superior border of the manubrium anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Structures passing through the thoracic inlet

A 
trachea
oesophagus
brachiocephalic veins and arteries
vagus nerves
left common carotid and subclavian arteries
sympathetic trunk
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
phrenic nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Inferior border of the mandible
Midline of neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Anterior border of the trapezius
Middle 1/3 of clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contents of the anterior triangle of neck

A

Mainly Muscles:

  • Mylohyloid
  • Platysma (superficial facial muscle)
  • Digastric
  • Infrahyoid (strap)

Common carotid arteries
Internal jugular vein
Larynx and trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Contents of the posterior triangle of neck

A

Mainly blood vessels and nerves:

  • External jugular vein
  • Internal jugular bein
  • Subclavian artery and vein
  • Trunks of the brachial plexus
  • Phrenic nerve
  • Spinal accessory nerve
  • Vagus nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mylohyoid muscle attachments and function

A

From the myohyloid line on the mandible - inserts in the body of the hyoid

Function - support and elevate floor of mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The infrahyoid (strap) muscles

A

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sternohyoid attachments

A

From the posterior aspect of the sternoclavicular joint to the body of the hyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Omohyoid attachments

A

From the superior border of the scapular to the lower border of the hyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thyrohyoid attachments

A

From the thyroid cartilage to the greater horn of the hyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sternothyroid attachments

A

From the posterior surface of the manubrium to the thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Brachial plexus relation to the thoracic inlet

A

Superolateral to the thoracic inlet

25
Q

Brachial plexus emerges between which muscles

A

Anterior and middle scalene muscles, passes under the clavicle and into the shoulder

26
Q

5 roots of the brachial plexus

A

Anterior rami of the spinal nerves C5-T1

27
Q

The 3 trunks the roots merge to form and where they cross

A

1) Upper trunk C5-6
2) Middle trunk C7
3) Lower trunk C8-T1

cross in the posterior triangle of the neck

28
Q

Superficial venous drainage of the neck:

A

external jugular vein and anterior jugular veins

29
Q

Position and key relations of the external jugular vein

A

Formed posterior to the angle of the mandible
Passes straight down the neck in the superficial fascia
Superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
crosses down diagonally
Pierces investing layer of deep cervical fascia
Joins the subclavian vein

30
Q

Position and key relations of the anterior jugular vein

A

Paired veins that come together superior to the hyoid bone
Descend on either side of the midline
Near the medial side of the sternocleidomastoid, each vein pierces the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
Joins the subclavian vein

31
Q

Subclavian vein joins the…to form…near the

A

Internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein near the sternoclavicular joint

32
Q

Explain the uses of central venous lines

A

Need to place larger-bore catheter into the central vein - dialysis, parenteral nutrition, haemodynamic monitoring or administration of drugs than tend to cause phlebitis

33
Q

Indicate landmarks for insertion of a central line into the internal jugular vein

A

Previously: blind puncture into subclavian and jugular veins

Now: ultrasound to ID vessels
IJV puncture site: palpate common carotid artery and insert the needle just lateral to it (30 degree angle aiming at the apex of the sternal and clavicular heads of the sternocleidomastoid)
Direct needle inferolaterally towards ipsilateral nipple

34
Q

List the possible complications of insertion of central venous lines

A 
Arterial puncture leading to haematoma and potential airway obstruction
Pneumothorax
Nerve damage
Air embolism
Thrombosis
Misplacement
Perforation of great vessels of heart
Infection
35
Q

Brachiocephalic trunk branches into

A

subclavian and common carotid arteries

36
Q

Subclavian artery branches

A

1st branch - vertebral artery
2nd branch - Thyrocervical trunk
3rd branch - internal thoracic artery

37
Q

Position, key relations and course of vertebral artery

A

Medial to the anterior scalene
Ascends through the transverse process of C6.
At the superior border of C1, it turns medially
Passes through the foramen magnum into the posterior cranial fossa.

38
Q

Position, key relations and course of internal thoracic artery

A

Branches from inferior end of subclavian and descends
Passes posterior to clavicle and large veins of the region and anterior to the pleural cavity
Enters thoracic cavity posterior to the ribs and anterior to the transversus thoracis muscle

39
Q

Left and right common carotid arteries originate from

A

Right: brachiocephalic trunk
Left: Aortic arch, entering the neck near the left sternoclavicular joint

40
Q

Where the common carotids bifurcate

A

Superior edge of thyroid. Divide into internal and external carotids.

41
Q

Where and what is the carotid sinus

A

At the bifurcation of the common carotids. It is a dilation of the internal carotid

42
Q

Internal carotid enters the cranial cavity via

A

carotid canal

43
Q

Internal carotid supplies

A

cerebral hemispheres, eyes, contents of orbit, forehead

44
Q

External carotid supplies

A

Face, neck and scalp

45
Q

Where to locate the carotid pulse

A

Palpate common carotids - lie in groove between trachea and infra hyoid muscles

46
Q

Uses of carotid pulse

A

Assess pulse pace, rhythm, character
Timing murmurs
Locate jugular vein

47
Q

Lymphatic drainage pattern

A

Superficial lymph vessels–> superficial lymph nodes –> deep nodes –> deep nodes of the jugular vein

48
Q

5 groups of superficial nodes round the head neck and scalp

A 
Occipital (most posterior to ears)
Mastoid (less posterior to ears)
Parotid (anterior to ears)
Submandibular (on jawline)
Submental (just to side of chin)
49
Q

Drainage from the occipital and mastoid nodes pass to the

A

Superficial cervical nodes

50
Q

Superficial cervical nodes form along the…

Deep cervical nodes form along the…

A

(superficial) external jugular vein

(deep) internal jugular vein

51
Q

from the deep cervical nodes, lymphatic vessels form… which empty into the…

A

Form the right and left jugular trunks
Empty into the Right lymphatic duct on the right side
or the thoracic duct on the left side

52
Q

Phrenic nerves are branches of the

A

cervical plexus and arise from the anterior rami of C3-C5

53
Q

Route of phrenic nerves

A

Pass the upper lateral border of the anterior scalene muscle
Interiorly down the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle with the pre vertebral fascia
past the lower edge of the anterior scalene
Pass between subclavian vein, enter thorax and continue into the diaphragm
Right phrenic passes close to the IVC
Left phrenic pierces the diaphragm

54
Q

Function of phrenic nerves

A

Motor supply to diaphragm

Sensory innervation of diaphragm pleura and peritoneum

55
Q

Spinal accessory nerves considered to be

A

CN11

56
Q

Spinal accessory nerves origin

A

Neutron cell bodies of cervical spinal cord

57
Q

Spinal accessory nerves course

A

Enters the skull via foramen magnum
Courses along inner wall of skull to jugular foramen where it exits the skull
In the neck, they cross the internal jugular vein (at level of posterior belly of digastric), continues inferiorly, pierces the SCM, reaches trapezius

58
Q

Spinal accessory nerves function

A

motor innervation ro SCM (head rotation) and trapezius (shrugging)

Anatomy of the head, neck and spine (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions