Biting Chewing and Swallowing

Question 1

3 subdivisions of the pharynx

Answer 1

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

Question 2

2 types of muscle in the pharyngeal wall

Answer 2

3 Constrictor muscles - superior middle and inferior

2 Longitudinal muscles

Question 3

Constrictor muscle contraction causes

Innervation of the constrictor muscles

Answer 3

Causes narrowing of the pharyngeal cavity - contract sequentially to move the bolus of food down the oesophagus

Nerve supply: pharyngeal branch of the vague nerve

Question 4

Contraction of the longitudinal muscles causes

Answer 4

elevation of the pharyngeal wall up and over the bolus of food in swallowing

Question 5

Muscles of the tongue are divided into

Answer 5

Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

Question 6

Tongue forms part of the ….. in ….

Answer 6

part of the floor in the oral cavity

part of anterior wall of the oropharynx

Question 7

Innervation of the tongue

Answer 7

All are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve except palatoglossus - innervated by the vagus nerve

Question 8

Intrinsic muscles originate and insert….

Involved in

Answer 8

Within the substance of the tongue

Involved in altering the shape of the tongue

Question 9

Name the extrinsic muscles

Answer 9

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

Question 10

Actions: genioglossus

Answer 10

Protrude and depresses tongue

Question 11

Actions: Hyoglossus

Answer 11

Depresses tongue

Question 12

Actions: Styloglossus

Answer 12

Elevates and retracts tongue

Question 13

Actions: Palatoglossus

Answer 13

Depresses palate and elevates back of the tongue

Question 14

Anterior 2/3 of tongue innervation: sensation and taste

Answer 14

sensation: Mandibular division of the trigeminal
Taste: Facial

Question 15

Posterior 1/3 of tongue innervation: sensation and taste

Answer 15

Sensation and taste: Glossopharyngeal

Question 16

Swallowing steps

Answer 16

1) Lift and retract the tongue (styloglossus and intrinsic muscles
2) Move bolus into the oropharynx (palatoglossus)
3) Close off nasopharynx by raising the soft palate
4) Raise larynx and close off using the epiglottis
5) Peristaltic wave of constrictor muscles
6) Relax cricopharynxgeus and open oesophagus

Question 17

3 salivary glands

Answer 17

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 18

Borders of the parotid gland

Answer 18

Extends anteriorly over the master

Inferiorly over the posterior belly of the digastric

Question 19

Parotid duct: where it enters the mouth

Answer 19

Penetrates the buccinator and opens into the oral cavity adjacent to the crown of the 2nd molar

Question 20

Parotid: secretion

Answer 20

Serous

Question 21

Parotid: what it encloses

Answer 21

External carotid artery, retromandibular vein, extra cranial part of the facial nerve

Question 22

Parotid: Innervation

Answer 22

Glossopharyngeal

Question 23

Submandibular gland: where it opens

Answer 23

Opens out either side of the frenulum of the tongue

Question 24

Submandibular gland: secretions

Answer 24

Serous

Question 25

Submandibular gland: innervation

Answer 25

Facial nerve

Question 26

Sublingual salivary ducts: positions

Answer 26

Along the submandibular duct into which some open

Question 27

Sublingual salivary ducts: secretions

Answer 27

Mucous

Question 28

Sublingual salivary ducts: innervation

Answer 28

Facial nerve

Question 29

Muscles: elevation of the mandible

Answer 29

Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid

Question 30

Muscles: depression of the mandible

Answer 30

Digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid

Question 31

Muscles: protrusion of the mandible

Answer 31

Lateral pterygoid assisted by the medial pterygoid

Question 32

Muscles: retraction of the mandible

Answer 32

Posterior fibres of the temporals, deep part of masseter, geniohyoid, digastric

Question 33

Muscles of mastication

Answer 33

Masseter - elevates mandible Temporalis - elevates and retracts mandible Medial pterygoid - elevates, protracts and lateral movement of the mandible Lateral pterygoid - depresses and protracts mandible to open mouth

Question 34

Describe the tempero-mandibular joint

Answer 34

2 synovial cavities joined by a fibrocartliagenous disc

Question 35

What do the lower and upper parts of the tempero-mandibular joint do

Answer 35

Lower joint cavity - depression and elevation of the mandible Upper joint cavity - protrusion of the mandible

Question 36

Actions involved in opening and closing the mouth

Answer 36

Opening - depressing and protruding the mandible | Closing - elevating and retracting the mandible

Question 37

Side to side movements of the mandible are enabled by

Answer 37

Contralateral heads rotating on the inferior surface of the articular disc.

Question 38

Identify major branches of the sternal carotid artery

Answer 38

``` Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior articular Maxillary Superficial temporal ```

Question 39

The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve exits the skull via...

Answer 39

foramen ovale

Question 40

The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve divides into the

Answer 40

Lingual nerve | Inferior alveolar nerve

Question 41

Lingual nerve joins with

Answer 41

Facial nerve's chords tympani

Question 42

Which nerve is more anterior, lingual or inferior alveolar

Answer 42

Lingual

Question 43

Lingual nerve innervates

Answer 43

Sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, the floor of the mouth and the lingual gingivae

Question 44

Inferior alveolar nerve passes through... and innervates

Answer 44

Mandibular canal | Forms the inferior dental plexus - sends dental branches to all mandibular teeth on its side

Question 45

Path of the parotid duct

Answer 45

emerges through the anterior border of the gland, passes the master, turns medially, penetrates the buccinator, and opens into the mouth opposite the second upper molar.

Question 46

Path of the facial nerve

Answer 46

Emerges from skull via the stylomastoid foramen in the temporal bone (via the internal acoustic meatus). The extra cranial part enters the parotid gland (doesn't innervate it), continues superficially and forms a plexus.

Question 47

Branches of the facial nerve

Answer 47

Temporal – to frontal belly of occipitofrontalis Zygomatic – to orbicularis oculi and upper face Buccal – to buccinatorm orbicularis oris and mid face Marginal mandibular – to orbicularis oris and the corner of the mouth Cervical – to platysma

Question 48

Bell’s palsy

Answer 48

a lower motor lesion of the facial nerve – lesion of cell bodies or the nerve itself causing the muscles of the face to sag on the affected side

Question 49

A full set of adult teeth is In each quadrant of the mouth, there are:

Answer 49

32 2 incisors • 1 canine • 2 premolars • 3 molars

Question 50

In a complete deciduous (baby) set there are

Answer 50

20

Question 51

The first deciduous come at complete at

Answer 51

6-8 months 20-24 months

Question 52

Permanent adult teeth start at Complete at

Answer 52

6 years early 20s