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SHB Exam 2 > The Neck > Flashcards

The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Define Investing superficial fascia

A

Investing superficial fascia is a “sleeve” binding all structures in the neck.

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2
Q

Describe Infrahyoid fascia.

A

Infrahyoid fascia covers supra- and infra-hyoid muscles (strap muscles).

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3
Q

Describe Pretracheal Fascia.

A

Pretracheal Fascia is covers the thyroid, parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea and esophagus.

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4
Q

What’s inside the Carotid Sheath?

A

a. Common carotid artery
b. Internal carotid artery
c. Internal jugular vein
e. Vagus nerve (X)
f. Superior root of the ansa cervicalis nerve.

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5
Q

Describe Prevertebral deep fascia.

A

Prevertebral deep fascia covers the vertebral musculature.

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6
Q

Innervation of the Platysma muscle?

A

Platysma muscle is innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve.

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7
Q

Name the 4 suprahyoid muscles.

A

Anterior and Posterior bellies of the digastric
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid

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8
Q

Innervation of the anterior belly of the digastric.

A

Nerve to mylohyoid (V3)

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9
Q

Innervation of the Posterior belly of the digastric.

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

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10
Q

Action of the digastrics.

A

Raises hyoid bone and base of tongue.

Steadies the hyoid bone.

Opens the mouth by lowering mandible.

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11
Q

Origin and insertion of the stylohyoid.

A

Origin: styloid process
Insertion: hyoid bone

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12
Q

Innervation of the stylohyoid.

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

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13
Q

Action of the stylohyoid?

A

Elevates the hyoid bone and base of tongue

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14
Q

Origin and insertion of mylohyoid?

A

Origin: Mandible
Insertion: median raphe and hyoid one

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15
Q

Innervation of the mylohyoid.

A

Nerve to mylohyoid (V3)

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16
Q

Action of the mylohyoid.

A

Raises floor of oral cavity and tongue during swallowing, draws hyoid forward.

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17
Q

Blood supply of the mylohyoid.

A

Lingual artery

Facial artery

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18
Q

How are the digastrics attached to the hyoid bone?

A

The digastrics are attached to the hyoid bone by a fascial sling and intermediate tendon that separates the digastric into anterior and posterior sections.

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19
Q

Innervation of the geniohyoid.

A

Branch of C1 through hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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20
Q

Action of the geniohyoid.

A

Elevates hyoid bone and lowers the mandible.

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21
Q

Blood supply of the geniohyoid.

A

Lingual artery

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22
Q

What is the general function of the supra-hyoid muscles?

A

The suprahyoid muscles raise the hyo-laryngeal complex during swallowing and vocalization.

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23
Q

Which muscles assist in opening the jaw (depression of the mandible)?

A

The supra-hyoid muscles, especially the mylohyoid, geniohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric.

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24
Q

Origin and insertion of the omohyoid muscles.

A

Origin: superior border of scapula
Insertion: hyoid bone

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25
Q

What are the infra-hyoid muscles?

A

Inferior and superior bellies of the omohyoid muscle
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

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26
Q

What is innervation of all infra-hoid muscles, except the thyrohyoid.

A

The Inferior and superior bellies of the omohyoid muscle, Sternohyoid, and
Sternothyroid are all innervated by the Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

27
Q

Innervation of the thyrohyoid?

A

Nerve to the thyrohyoid (C1 traveling with Hypoglossal nerve CN XII)

28
Q

What is the general function of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

The infrahyoid muscles function to lower either the hyoid or thyroid cartilages, and to stabilize them during vocalization and jaw opening.

29
Q

Function of the thyrohyoid muscle.

A

The thyrohyoid muscle helps to raise the thyroid cartilage.

30
Q

Blood supply of posterior belly of omohyoid

A

lingual artery

31
Q

Blood supply of superior belly of omohyoid

A

superior thyroid artery

32
Q

Blood supply of sternohyoid

A

superior thyroid artery and lingual artery

33
Q

Blood supply of sternothyroid

A

superior thyroid artery

34
Q

Blood supply of thyrohyoid

A

superior thyroid artery

35
Q

Motion positions of Anterior triangle on your neck.

A

Done.

36
Q

Contents of the Submandibular triangle?

A

Submandibular gland
Submandibular lymph nodes

Mylohyoid nerve (V3)
Lingual nerve (V3) and submandibular ganglion
 Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Facial artery (and vein) with submental branch
Lingual artery (passes deep to Hyoglossus muscle)
37
Q

Orientation of the facial vein and artery in the submandibular triangle?

A

the facial vein passes superficial to the submandibular gland, whereas the facial artery passes deep/through the submandibular gland.

38
Q

What’s inside the submental triangle?

A

Contains lymph nodes and small veins that unite to form anterior jugular vein

39
Q

Contents of the carotid triangle?

A

The Carotid Triangle contains:

The superior portion of the common carotid artery

A large part of the internal carotid artery

The external carotid artery and many of its branches

Portions of Cranial Nerves X (vagus), XI (spinal accessory), XII (hypoglossal), the sympathetic chain, and the cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis)

40
Q

What are the branches of the common carotid and where does it divide?

A

The common carotid artery divides into the internal and external carotid arteries at the hyoid bone.

41
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

Internal carotid artery - ascends the neck to enter the cranial cavity to supply the orbit, pituitary gland, and a majority of the cerebral hemisphere

42
Q

What are the branches of the internal jugular vein?

A

No branches!!

43
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

A

SALFOP SuperT Max

Superior Thyroid Artery 
Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
Lingual Artery
Facial Artery
OccipitalArtery
Posterior Auricular Artery

Superficial Temporal Artery

Maxillary Artery

44
Q

What are the branches of the Vagus nerve?

A

The Vagus nerve divides to give off 2 branches:

Superior Laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve

45
Q

What are the branches of the superior laryngeal nerve?

A

Superior Laryngeal nerve - this nerve divides to form two branches:

Internal laryngeal nerve
External laryngeal nerve

46
Q

What does the internal laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve -pierces the thyrohyoid membrane to provide sensory innervation to laryngeal structures above the true vocal folds.

47
Q

What does the external laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

External laryngeal nerve - supply the cricothyroid muscle of the larynx

48
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

Right: loops around the subclavian artery and provides motor innervation to all of the muscles of vocalization (except the cricothyroid muscle)

Left: wraps around the arch of the aorta

49
Q

What is the cause and symptoms of Horner’s syndrome?

A

Interruption of the sympathetic chain in the neck causes Horner’s Syndrome.

Symptoms: ptosis (drooping) of the affected eyelid, miosis (constriction) of the affected pupil, and anhydrosis (lack of sweating) on the affected side. Redding of the skin of the face is also frequently present on the affected side

50
Q

What are the branches of the subclavian artery?

A

VITamin C sometimes D

Vertebral artery 
Internal thoracic artery - p
Thyrocervical trunk (S.A.I.T.):
	- Inferior Thyroid artery 
	- Transverse Cervical artery  
	- Suprascapular artery 
	- Ascending Cervical artery  
	***TRANSVERSE CERVICAL AND ASCENDING CERVICAL ANASTOMOSE

Costocervical trunk:

Dorsal Scapular Artery

51
Q

What are the groups of lymph nodes?

A 
occipital nodes
postauricular (retroauricular) nodes
preauricular nodes
Buccal (cheek)
submandibular nodes
submental nodes
52
Q

Where do lymphatics of the face and head drain? (Full route)

A

Lymphatics of the face and head drain inferiorly into the pericervical lymphatic collar, to deep cervical lymph nodes, into the internal jugular vein, and finally then into the THORACIC DUCT ON THE LEFT and the RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT ON THE RIGHT.

53
Q

Describe drainage into the thoracic duct.

A

The thoracic duct is located on the left side only and receives lymphatic drainage from the entire body EXCEPT the right head and neck, right upper extremity, and the right thorax

54
Q

Describe drainage into the lymphatic duct.

A

The right lymphatic duct is responsible for lymphatic drainage of that part of the body not drained by the thoracic duct (right head and neck, right upper extremity, and the right thorax).

Drains into either the right internal jugular or right subclavian vein

55
Q

What is the blood supply of the thyroid gland?

A

The superior and inferior thyroid arteries.

56
Q

How many lobes does the thyroid gland have?

A

2 lobes

57
Q

The pyramidal lobe comes from what embryological remnant?

A

The thyroglossal duct

58
Q

What innervates the thyroid gland?

A

Laryngeal branches of Vagus.

59
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4 (2 on each side)

60
Q

What is the function of the parathyroid gland?

A

The parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the body by secreting parathyroid hormone.

61
Q

What would dysfunction without the parathyroid glands?

A

The muscular and nervous systems.

62
Q

What are the prevertebral muscles?

A

Longus coli

Longus capitis

Rectus capitis anterior

Anterior Scalene

63
Q

What is the overall function of the prevertebral muscles?

A

To flex the head and neck relative to the spinal column.

SHB Exam 2 (15 decks)

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