Superficial Face Flashcards
What are the 3 parts of the obicularis oculi muscle and their functions?
The 3 parts of the Obicularis Oculi muscle
Orbital portion - close the eye tightly
Palpebral portion - close the eye lightly and blinking
Lacrimal portion - very small to non-existent; helps moisten eye by holding the eyelids against the eyeball also helps with proper drainage of tears by squeezing the lacrimal sac
What is the function of the obicularis oris?
The Obicularis Oris muscle Surrounds the mouth and functions to close the mouth and pucker/purse the lips (“the kissing muscle”)
What are the parts and functions of the Occipitofrontalis muscle?
Frontal: Functions to elevate brow and wrinkle skin of forehead (surprise).
Occipital: Functions to retract scalp; increase tension on frontalis belly.
What are the origin and insertion of the zygomaticus major?
Originates from lateral aspect of zygomatic bone.
Inserts into the corner of the mouth.
What is the function of the zygomaticus major?
Functions to draw the corner of the mouth superiorlaterally to smile.
Insertion of the buccinator?
Inserts into the angle of the mouth and the orbicularis oris.
Function of the buccinator?
Functions to press the cheek against molars; resists distension (when blowing), and keeps the cheek taut (smiling).
True or False: The buccinator is on the same plane as the other muscles of facial expression.
False. The buccinator is on a deeper plane than other muscles of facial expression.
What is the motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression?
The facial nerve (CN VII)
The muscles of facial expression come from which pharyngeal arch?
Arch 2
What are the general origin and insertion of the muscles of facial expression?
The numerous muscles of facial expression originate from bones of the facial skeleton and insert onto the skin of the face.
What is the sensory innervation of the muscles of facial expression?
The trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Aside from the muscles of facial expression, what additional muscles receive motor innervation from CN VII (Facial).
7 PS - Posterior belly of the digastric and the stylohyoid (and platysma)
What results if there is paralysis of the facial nerve near the stylomastoid foramen?
Bell’s Palsy
What are features of Bell’s Palsy?
Mask-like appearance
Patient is unable to close lips & eyelids on the affected side
Eye on the affected side is unlubricated
Cannot whistle or blow
Cannot chew effectively
Since the buccinator muscle is paralyzed/weak food and saliva dribble out of the mouth
What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
Ophthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3)
Is V1 sensory or motor?
V1 is purely sensory.
What is the route of V1?
V1 passes through the cavernous sinus and exits the skull by way of the Superior Orbital Fissure.
What are functions of the cutaneous terminal branches of V1?
“LaSSIE” from lateral to medial:
Lacrimal - sensory innervation of structures superior to the lateral canthus of the eye
Supraorbital – sensory innervation of structures superior to the orbit/top of the head
Supratrochlear – sensory innervation of structures superior to the medial canthus of the eye
Infratrochlear – sensory innervation of structures the region of the medial canthus
External nasal - sensory innervation of structures anterior and lateral aspect of the external nose
Is V2 (maxillary division of CN V) sensory or motor, and to what regions of the face?
Maxillary Division (V2) is Purely sensory to the zygomatics of the face, infraorbit, and the alveolars.
What is the route of V2?
Passes through cavernous sinus and leaves skull via Foramen Rotundum
What nerve innervates the parotid gland?
The parotid gland is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
What cranial nerve runs through the parotid gland?
The facial nerve runs through the parotid gland
What is the function and location of Stevenson’s duct?
The parotid salivary gland secretes serous fluid via Stenson’s duct, which pierces the buccinator muscle, and enters the oral cavity adjacent to the upper 2nd molar.
