Lungs & Posterior Mediastinum Flashcards
What are the fissures and lobes of the left lung?
The oblique fissure separates the left lung into a superior and inferior lobe.
What are the fissures and lobes of the right lung?
The oblique fissure separates the right lung into a superior and inferior lobe, and separates the middle and inferior lobes. The horizontal fissure separates the superior and the middle lobe.
What is the lingula?
The lingula is a tongue shaped extension on the anteroinferior portion of the superior lobe of the left lung.
What are the impressions on the medial surface of the right lung?
Grooves for the superior and inferior vena cave, a cardiac impression, an esophageal groove, and a groove for the azygos vein.
What are the impressions on the medial surface of the left lung?
There is a cardiac impression, a groove for the arch and descending aorta, and a groove for the subclavian artery.
Complete this sentence: The pulmonary arteries carry ______.
Deoxygenated blood.
Complete this sentence: The pulmonary veins carry ______.
Oxygenated blood.
Describe the orientation of the pulmonary arteries to the secondary bronchi in the right lung.
R.A.L.S
The pulmonary arteries are anterior to the secondary bronchi in the right lung.
Describe the orientation of the pulmonary arteries to the secondary bronchi in the left lung.
R.A.L.S
The pulmonary arteries are superior to the secondary bronchi in the left lung.
Describe the orientation of the pulmonary veins to the arteries and bronchi in the both lungs.
The pulmonary veins are anterior and inferior to the arteries and bronchi in both lungs.
Describe the pulmonary plexus of nerves to the lungs.
The pulmonary plexus of nerves receives parasympathetic innervation from the vagus nerve and sympathetic innervation from T1/T2 - T6 of the sympathetic trunk.
From where are the bronchial arteries derived in the right lung?
The bronchial arteries in the right lung are derived from the intercostal arteries or the aorta.
From where are the bronchial arteries derived in the left lung?
The bronchial arteries in the left lung are derived from the descending thoracic aorta.
What is the difference between the right main bronchus and left main bronchus?
The right main bronchus is larger, more vertical, and short than the left main bronchus. It is also the primary site for aspirated objects.
What is the difference between the visceral and parietal pleura?
The visceral pleura is a lining attached to the lungs and covers its surfaces and fissures. The parietal pleura covers the inside of the rib cage and pulmonary cavity.
What are the parts of the parietal pleura?
The parietal pleura has cervical, costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinal parts depending on the part of the cavity being covered.
True or False: There is a space between the visceral and parietal pleura that contains fluid.
True. There is a potential space between the pleura that contains serous fluid that decreases friction between the lungs and ribs.
What is the pulmonary ligament?
A ligament formed at the base of the hilus where mediastinal pleura meets visceral pleura.
Where are the pleural recesses and what purpose do they serve?
The pleural recesses lie between the viseral and parietal pleura. They allow space for maximum expansion of the lungs upon forced inspiration.
What are the 2 pleural recesses?
Costodiaphragmatic recess: posterior recess that extends from T2 - T12; excess fluid may spill into this space upon infection
Costomediastinal recess: anterior v-shaped pockets; touches the diaphragm and heart
There is a _____ ______ difference between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura.
There is a 2 rib difference between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura.
The accurate placement of a tube between the ribs to avoid hitting the intercostal nerves is where?
To avoid the neurovascular bundle, the tube is inserted in the interspace just superior to the rib.
What are the boundaries and 6 contents of the posterior mediastinum?
Boundaries:
Anterior: Pericardium
Posterior: Thoracic Vertebrae
Contents:
Descending aorta and its branches
Esophagus and Esophageal Plexus (branches off of the Vagus Nerve)
Thoracic duct
Azygos veins (on the right)
Hemiazygos veins (on the left)
Sympathetic chain (Greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerve)
What does the azygos vein drain and where does it empty?
The azygos vein ONLY DRAINS THE RIGHT SIDE!! It drains the intercostal, right renal, and right ascending lumbar veins. It empties into the superior vena cava.
