The Neck

Question 1

In the neck, a horizontal section can be described as having four compartments. List these and their contents.

Answer 1

• vertebral compartment: cervical vertebrae and postural muscles (prevertebral and postvertebral muscles).
• vascular compartments: contain major blood vessels and the vagus nerve.
• visceral compartment: contains thyroid, parathyroid glands, pharynx, larynx, trachea and oesophagus.
• these are enclosed by an outer musculofascial collar.

Question 2

label the compartments of the neck

Answer 2

Question 3

label this

Answer 3

Question 4

how many cervical vertrebrae are there?

Answer 4

C1-7

Question 5

what kind of joint is pesent between C1 and C2 at the odontoid peg?

Answer 5

pivot synovial joint (atlantoaxial joint)

Question 6

what structures pass through the transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae?

Answer 6

vertebral artery and vein
plexus of sympathetic nerves

Question 7

what is the vertebrae prominens?

Answer 7

longest spinous process of all cervical vertebrae (C7)

Question 8

what is the special feature of spines of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 8

• short and bifid.

Question 9

what curvature exists in the cervical portion of the vertebral column?

Answer 9

cervical lordosis

Question 10

label this

Answer 10

Question 11

what are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 11

• superiorly: inferior border of mandible.
• medially: median line of neck.
• laterally: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid.

Question 12

what is the contents of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 12

• supra and infrahyoid muscles.
• common carotid artery bifurcation.
• cranial nerves (VII, IX, X, XI, XII).

Question 13

what are the contents of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 13

• omohyoid muscle.
• vertebral muscles.
• external jugular vein.
• phrenic nerve.
• cranial nerve XI.

Question 14

label this

Answer 14

Question 15

label this

Answer 15

Question 16

label this

Answer 16

Question 17

label this

Answer 17

Question 18

what are the attachments of the SCM?

Answer 18

attaches to sternum and clavicle and mastoid process of temporal bone.

Question 19

what is the action of the trapezius muscle?

Answer 19

stabilisation and movement of scapula

Question 20

which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?

Answer 20

accessory nerve (CN XI) found in posterior triangle

Question 21

what are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

Answer 21

inferiorly - hyoid bone
medially - midline of neck
laterally - anterior belly of digastric muscle

Question 22

which lymph nodes are found in the submental triangle of the neck?

Answer 22

submental lymph nodes

Question 23

what are the boundaries of the submandibular/digastric triangle?

Answer 23

superiorly - body of mandible
anteriorly - anterior belly of the digastric muscle
posteriorly - posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Question 24

which artery and salviary gland are found in the submandibular/digastric triangle?

Answer 24

facial artery and submandibular gland

Question 25

what are the boundaries of the carotid triangle of the neck?

Answer 25

superior - posterior belly of digastric muscle
lateral - medial border of SCM
inferior - superior belly of omohyoid muscle

Question 26

what are the boundaries of the muscular triangle of the neck?

Answer 26

Del

Question 27

what do the rami emerging from between the scalene muscles that form the floor of the posterior triangle collectively form?

Answer 27

C3-5 forming the phrenic nerve