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Head and Neck Anatomy > Floor of the Skull > Flashcards

Floor of the Skull Flashcards

1
Q

which bone forms the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

sphenoid bone

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2
Q

which bone forms the anterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?

A
  • sphenoid bone
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3
Q

which bones form the floor of the middle cranial fossa

A
  • body and greater wing of sphenoid
  • temporal bone (squamous and petrous parts)
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4
Q

which bone forms the posterior border of the middle cranial fossa?

A

temporal bone

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5
Q

which four bones come together at the pterion?

A

temporal
parietal
frontal
sphenoid

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6
Q

which bone forms the anterior and which the posterior border of the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  • anterior > sphenoid bone
  • posterior > occipital bone
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7
Q

what structures pass through the small foramina of the skull?

A

blood vessels and arteries

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8
Q

which structure(s) pass through the foramina of the cribiform plate?

A

olfactory nerve CN I

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9
Q

which structure(s) pass through the optic foramen?

A

optic nerve and opthalamic artery

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10
Q

which structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

oculomotor, trochlear, opthalamic and abducens nerves

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11
Q

which structure(s) pass through the foramen rotundum?

A

maxillary nerve CN V2

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12
Q

which structure(s) pass through the foramen ovale?

A

mandibular nerve CNV3

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13
Q

which structures pass through the foramen spinosum?

A

middle meningeal artery, vein and meningeal branch of mandibular nerve CN V3

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14
Q

which structures pass through the foramen lacerum?

A

emissary veins and greater petrosal nerve

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15
Q

which structures pass through the carotid canal?

A

ICA and sympathetic nerve plexus

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16
Q

which structures pass through the internal acoustic foramen?

A

facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve

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17
Q

which structures pass through the jugular foramen?

A

glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves and internal jugular vein

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18
Q

which structure(s) pass through the hypoglossal foramen?

A

hypoglossal nerve

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19
Q

which structures pass through the foramen magnum?

A

medulla, meninges, vertebral arteries, spinal arteries, dural veins, spinal division of accessory nerve

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20
Q

what is number 2 and what structure(s) pass through

A
  • cribiform foramen
  • olfactory nerve CN I
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21
Q

what is 3 and what structures pass through?

A
  • optic canal/foramen
  • optic nerve and opthalamic artery
22
Q

what is 4 and what structure passes through?

A

foramen rotundum
- maxillary division of trigeminal nerve CNV2.

23
Q

what is 5 and what structures pass through this?

A
  • foramen spinosum
  • middle meningeal artery and vein, meningeal branch of CN V3.
24
Q

what is 6 and which structures pass through?

A
  • superior orbital fissure
  • oculomotor, trochlear, abducens opthalamic (V1) nerves and the opthalamic vein.
25
Q

what is 7 and what structure passes through?

A
  • foramen ovale
  • transmits mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve CNV3.
26
Q

what is 8 and which structures pass through?

A
  • internal acoustic meatus
  • vestibulocochlear and facial nerves
27
Q

what is 9 and which structures pass through?

A
  • jugular foramen
  • glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves and internal jugular vein.
28
Q

what is 10 and what structures pass through (the biggest foramen)?

A
  • foramen magnum
  • medulla, meninges, vertebral arteries, spinal arteries, spinal branch of accessory nerve.
29
Q

what is 11 and which structure passes through this?

A

hypoglossal canal
- transmits the hypoglossal nerve

30
Q

what is 18 and which structures pass through?

A

infraorbital foramen
- infraoribital nerve and vessels

31
Q

what is 7 and which structures pass through?

A
  • foramen ovale
  • transmits mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve CNV3.
32
Q

what is 5 and which structures pass through?

A
  • foramen spinosum
  • middle meningeal artery and vein, meningeal branch of CN V3.
33
Q

this groove, just lateral to the foramen spinosum is formed by what artery and its branches?

A

middle meningeal artery which divides into anterior and posterior branches

34
Q

identify the artery, and which part of the skull does it cross?

A
  • middle meningeal artery
  • crosses the pterion
35
Q

which cranial haemorrhage is classically biconves, lens-shaped?

A

extradural haemorrhage

36
Q

what anatomical factor prevents the collected blood from an extradural haemorrhage from spreading over a wider area, restricting it to this lens-shaped area?

A
  • dura mater (it is strongly adhered to the skull in the region of the sustures).
  • haemorrhage cannot transverse the sutures.
37
Q

what is this area called?

A

internal occipital protuberance

38
Q

what structure creates these grooves?

A

transverse sinus

39
Q

into which foramen does the groove for the sigmoid sinus lead?

A

jugular foramen

40
Q

which structure forms the groove shown by the blue line?

A

sagittal sinus

41
Q

what is the sella turcica?

A

a deep depression in the midline in the middle cranial fossa which houses the pituitary gland.

42
Q

in the body of which cranial bone is the sella turcica found?

A

sphenoid bone

43
Q

the naterior and posterior clinoid processes on either side of the sella turcica give attachment to which fold of dura mater?

A

tentorium cerebelli

44
Q

on either side of the sella turcica is a groove for the?

A

cavernous sinus (intracranial sinus)

45
Q

which foramen lies immediately anterior to the groove for the cavernous sinus?

A

superior orbital fissure

46
Q

which structures travel through the cavernous sinus?

A
  • abducens nerve
  • carotid plexus (post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres)
  • internal carotid artery (cavernous portion)
47
Q
A
48
Q

which bone are the pterygoid plates a part of?

A

sphenoid bone

49
Q

names the muscle(s) that attach to the medial and lateral pterygoid plates?

A

medial > no muscle
lateral > medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

50
Q

what type of ossification occurs in flat bones of the vault of the skull?

A

intramembranous ossification

51
Q

which type of ossification occurs in irregular bones of the base of the skull?

A

endochondral ossification

52
Q

at what ages do the anterior and posterior fontanelles close?

A

anterior > 12-18 months
posterior > 1-3 months

Head and Neck Anatomy (24 decks)

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