The Nazi State 1933-39 Flashcards by Eva O'Donovan

Volksgemeinschaff

People’s community - Germans were expected to sacrifice for their country

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Trade unions replaced with

Deutsche Arbeitsfront

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Dachau opening

March 1933 Heinrich Himmler opened Dachau
30,000 prisoners

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Gestapo established

Herman Goring established gestapo
1936 Heinrich Himmler = Head of Gestapo too.

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Rudolf Hesse quote

“Adolf Hitler is Germany and Germany is Adolf Hitler

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Joseph Goebbels full title

Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda

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Herenfolk threatened by…

Untermenshen

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Who are untermenshen

Jews
Gays
Disabled
Roma
Slavs

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How many members did the Nazis have in 1935

5 mill +

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Volksemfanger

Cheap radios that Goebbels mass produced so everyoje could hear Hitlers speeches

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What year did Germany reach highest radio ownership

1939

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Leni Riefenstahl films

Victory of Faith
Triumph of the Will
Day of Freedom - Our armed forces
Olympia

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Goebbels propaganda quote

“Propaganda works best when those who are being manipulated are confident they are acting on their own free will

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When was the first book burning

May 1933

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Youth

By 1937 all teachers has to be nazis. Schools focused on racial science, state obedience & Nazified history.

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Compulsory Nazi youth groups

Hitler Youth
League of German Maidens

Reichskirche rules

No more bible or crucifix
Mein Kampf and sword on the alter

Why was Nazism less popular with Catholics

Devotion to Pope - couldn’t view Hitler as all powerful

Hitler + Vatican agreement

Concordat 1933 - Bishops had to swear alleigiance, neither could get involved in the other’s affairs (bye bye centre party)

How did Pope Pius XI respond to Hitler banning Catholic youth groups

Published Mit brennender Serge, denouncing the Nazis

New Pope

Pope Pius XII used to be papal nuncio - aware of situation + ouspoken critic. Worked behind the scenes to prevent Jewish persecution

Catholic church’s protest

Summer 1941 Bishop August von Galen gave sermons against the Nazis, in particular against the euthanasia of disabled people

Sterilsation of disabled people launched in

1933

Euthanasia of disabled people launched

1939

Under Aktion T4...

doctors euthanised <70,000 disabled people between 1939-41

Percentage of Germany that was Jewish

less than 1%

Jews were linked to the threat of communism through...

Karl Marx, a german Jew

Jews couldnt work in

School, courts, or army

Anti- Semitic art exhibition

Eternal Jew

Kristallnacht triggered by

Jewish Hershell Grynszpan killing German ambassader Ernst von Rath on the 7th Nov 1938

Kristallnacht date

night of the 9th/10th Nov 1938

Damage done of Kristallnacht

>7,500 Jewish businesses destroyed 200 synagogues destroyed 30,000 Jewish men arrested 91 jews killed in brutality

German minister for Economics

Hjalmar Schacht

Reducing unemployment in Germany

Public works (autobahnen) National labour front - 6months service for men 18-25 Conscription in 1935

How much did unemployment drop between 1932 to 1939

6 mill in 1932 to 100 thousand in 1939

Women and work

Law for Encouragement of Marriage meant women had to adhere to Kinder, Kuche and Kirche

Autarky

Hermann Gorring Increased agriculture Controlled trade in + out to prevent shortages Sped up rearmament Synthetics for raw materials