Social Conflict + Change: Civil Rights

Question 1

Jim Crow laws

Answer 1

Denied black people access to services (eg. restaurants) and denied them standard education - made them use inferior services (eg. schools)

Question 2

How were Jim Crow laws upheld

Answer 2

Preventing black people from voting through polling taxes, black only literacy tests + intimidation of black people who attempted to registered - assaulted, arrested on jumped up charges or lynched

Question 3

What does NAACP stand for

Answer 3

National Association for the Advancement of Coloured people

Question 4

Triggers for movement success

Answer 4

NAACP started taking anti segregation court cases
New gen of black leaders
Liberals emboldened by Truman success
Economic prosperity
Cold war
Mass media

Question 5

How did Truman embolden liberals to support the civil rights movement

Answer 5

Truman ordered an end to segregation, splitting the Dem party, but Truman won presidental election without the racists anyway

Question 6

How did the Cold War influence the civil rights movement

Answer 6

Can’t pretend to be “Leader of the free world” while denying black people their basic rights

Question 7

Seperate but equal court case name

Answer 7

Plessy vs Ferguson 1896

Question 8

Name of court case used to overturn school segregation

Answer 8

Brown vs Board of Education 1954

Question 9

3 liberal judges appointed to Supreme court

Answer 9

Earl Warren
Hugo Black
William Douglas

Question 10

Bus desegregation court case name

Answer 10

Bowder vs Gayle 1956

Question 11

Court case that banned segregation in bus terminals because of the Freedom Riders

Answer 11

Boynton v Virginia 1960

Question 12

Court case that overturned interracial marriage ban

Answer 12

Loving v Virginia 1967

Question 13

Issues with the court being the main driver of civil rights

Answer 13

Ambiguous legal language allowed for delays
Court relied on other institutions to enforce rulings

Question 14

Little rock Central High School, Arkansas, 1957

Answer 14

9 black students enrolled, Gov Faubus used National Guard to block students even though they were allowed. Pres Eisenhower said to stop, so Faubus left them defenceless against the mob. Eisenhower sent 1,000 fed troops to protect them for a year

Question 15

Freedom Rides

Answer 15

Buses desegregated, stations not. Congress of Racial Equality organised “Freedom rides”+ sat in white seats to forcibly desegregate. Got attacked by white people, US Attorney General Rob Kennedy sent 500 fed marshals to protect them. Shut down or desegregate order.

Question 16

Lunch counter protest

Answer 16

1960 Black students in Nashville staged a sit in at downtown lunch counter to protest them not serbing black people. Got attacked by white people yet the 80 of black people got arrested for “disorderly conduct”- Easter protest. Repeated across the South. Success.

Question 17

Birmingham 1963

Answer 17

Loosing momentum, chose to try desegregate Birmingham Alabama - US most racist city. Chief of police Bull Connor ordered the protestors attacked w water cannons and dogs. International PR nightmare for the racists. Massive catalyst

Question 18

March on Washington

Answer 18

1963 Kennedy commited himself to civil rights in speech - U of Alabama protection of 2 black students. March to keep on the pressure, I have a dream

Question 19

Selma March

Answer 19

1965. March from Selma to Montgomery to demand voting rights. Gov Wallace ordered troopers to attack marchers. A week later Pres Johnson called for voting rights bill in Congress using “We shall overcome” slogan

Question 20

1964 Civil Rights Act

Answer 20

outlawed segregation + segregation

Question 21

Voting Rights Act 1965

Answer 21

Banned racist voting practices