The nature of psychology

Question 1

Psychodynamic perspective

Answer 1

searches for the causes of behavior within the inner workings of out personality, emphasizing the role of unconscious processes.

Question 2

Psychoanalyses

Answer 2

the analysis of internal and primarily unconscious psychological forces.

Question 3

defence mechanisms

Answer 3

psychological techniques that help us cope with anxiety and the pain of trauma experiences

Question 4

object relations theories

Answer 4

theories that focus on how early experiences with caregivers shape the views that people form of themselves and others.

Question 5

behaviourism

Answer 5

school thought emphasizes environmental control of behaviour through learning.

Question 6

behavioral perspective

Answer 6

focuses on the role in external environment in governing our actions

Question 7

cognitive behaviourism

Answer 7

roposes that learning experiences and the environment influence our expectations and other thoughts, and in turn ur thoughts influence how we behave.

Question 8

humanistic perspective

Answer 8

emphasized free will, personal growth and the attempt to find meaning in one’s existence.

Question 9

positive psychology movement

Answer 9

emphasizes the study of human strengths, fulfillment and optimal living.

Question 10

cognitive perspective

Answer 10

examines the nature of the mind and how mental processes influence behavior.

Question 11

Gestalt psychology

Answer 11

examines how elements of experience are organized into wholes.

Question 12

cognitive psychology

Answer 12

focuses in the study of mental processes and embodies the cognitive perspective.

Question 13

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 13

uses sophisticated electrical recording and brain-imaging techniques to examine brain activity while people engage in cognitive tasks.

Question 14

social constructivism

Answer 14

maintains that what we consider “reality” is largely our own mental creation.

Question 15

sociocultural perspective

Answer 15

examines how the social environment and cultural learning influence our behavior thoughts and feelings.

Question 16

behvaiour genetics

Answer 16

the study of how behavioral tendencies are influenced by genetic factors.

Question 17

cross-cultural psychology

Answer 17

explores how culture is transmitted to its members, and examines psychological similarities and differences among people from diverse cultures.

Question 18

individualistic

Answer 18

an emphasis on personal goals and self-identity based primarily on one’s own attributes and achievements.

Question 19

collectivist

Answer 19

individual goals are subordinated to those of the group, and personal identity is defined largely by the ties that bind one to the extended family and other social groups.

Question 20

biological perspective

Answer 20

examines how brain processes and other bodily functions regulate behavior.

Question 21

behavioural neuroscience

Answer 21

examines brain processes and other psychological functions that underlie our behavior, sensory experiences, emotions and thoughts.

Question 22

natural selection

Answer 22

if an inherited trait gives certain members an advantage over others these members will be more likely to survive and pass these characteristics on to their offspring.

Question 23

neurotransmitters

Answer 23

chemical released by nerve cells that allow them to communicate with one another.

Question 24

evolutionary psychology

Answer 24

a growing discipline that seeks to explain how evolution shaped modern human behaviour.