The nature of matter 5.1 - 5.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is chemistry?

A

Chemistry is the study of matter and the all the changes it experiences

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2
Q

What is matter

A

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

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3
Q

What is the particle theory

A
  1. All matter is made up of particles with spaces between them
  2. Different substances are made up of different types of particles ( water and a pencil are not made of the same particles )
  3. Particles move constantly and randomly
  4. Particles attract each other ( solids have the greatest, gasses have the weakest )
  5. Particles move faster as gets hotter ( weakens the attraction force of the particles )
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4
Q

What is a pure substance

A

A substance made up of only one type of particles

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5
Q

What is a mixture

A

A substance made up of at least two types of particles

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6
Q

Mechanical Mixture ( heterogeneous mixture )

A

A mixture where you can distinguish between the difference types of matter

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7
Q

Solution ( homogeneous mixture )

A

A uniform mixture of 2 or more substance ( has to be clear )

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8
Q

What is an alloy

A

A solid solution made up of two or more metals

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9
Q

Physical change

A

A change where the composition of the substance stays the same and no new substances are formed

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10
Q

qualitative

A

A property observed with your five senses

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11
Q

quantitative

A

A property that is measured and given a number value

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12
Q

Luster

A

shininess or brittleness; silver is high on luster

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13
Q

Clarity

A

The ability to allow light pass through; transparent is completely clear, when you can barely make out the other side that is translucent, opaque is a cement wall

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14
Q

brittleness

A

Break ability of flexibility; glass is high on brittleness[.

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15
Q

Viscosity

A

The ability of a substance to pour or flow; honey is more viscous then water

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16
Q

Hardness

A

The ability to be scratch or be scratched by another substance; diamond is high on hardness

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17
Q

Malleability

A

the ability to be hammerd into thinner sheets or models; silver is malleable, glass is not

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18
Q

ductile

A

The ability to be pulled into thinner strands; copper is very ductile

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19
Q

Electricity conductivity

A

The ability to allow an electric current pass through it.

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20
Q

Physical properties

A

A characteristic of a substance that can be determend without changing its composition

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21
Q

Chemical properties

A

A characteristic of a substance that is determined when its composition changes and one or newer substances are produced

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22
Q

chemical change

A

A change in the initial substance where one or more substances are produced

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23
Q

Evidence of chemical change

A

O dour change, color change, gas production, precipitate production, heat/light production.

24
Q

Characteristic physical properties

A

A property that is unique to a substance and can be used to identify it, like your finger print

25
Q

Density

A

The amount of mass per that unit volume of that matter

26
Q

Density formula

A

D = M / V

27
Q

Freezing point

A

The tempreature at which a liquid turns into a solid

28
Q

melting point

A

The tempreature at which a solid turns into a liquid

29
Q

boiling point

A

the tempreature at which a liquid turns into a gas

30
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of an element

31
Q

Electrons ( e - )

A

Negatively charged; orbits in shells around the nucleus

32
Q

Protons ( p + )

A

Positively charged; located in the nucleus, contributes to the mass ( 1+ )

33
Q

Neutrons

A

No charge, located inside the nucleus, contributes to the mass

34
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons inside an atoms nucleus

35
Q

Mass number formula

A

Mass number = # protons + # neutrons

36
Q

isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different neutrons

37
Q

Atomic mass

A

The mass of an atom, measured in atomic mass units

38
Q

Bore-Rutherford diagram

A

A simple drawing that shows the location and the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons inside an atom

39
Q

The periodic table

A

A table of elements

40
Q

Element

A

Pure substance that cannot be broken into simpler substances

41
Q

Element symbol

A

an abbreviation for an element

42
Q

compound

A

a pure substance made of two or more different substances

43
Q

Metal

A

an element that is a solid, is lustrous, malleable, ductile, and a conductor of heat and electricity

44
Q

who created the periodic table

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

45
Q

What happens when water freezes

A

Water gets less dense, and the particles make a crystal like shape

46
Q

Chemical formula

A

The notation used to indicate the type and number of atoms in a pure substance

47
Q

Molecular element

A

A molecule consisting of atoms of the same elements

48
Q

Molecular compound

A

A molecule that consists of two
or more different elements

49
Q

Ion

A

A particle that either has a positive or negative charge

50
Q

Anion

A

A negatively charged ion ( n- )

51
Q

Cation

A

A positively charged ion (p+)

52
Q

Ionic compounds

A

A compound made up of negatively and positively charged ions, usually consists of metals and non-metals

53
Q

what is it called when a metal and a non metal join/combine

A

Ionic compound

54
Q

What is it called when two non metals join

A

A covalent bonding

55
Q

What is it called when two metals join

A

An alloy