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Bio ch. 1 > The nature of matter > Flashcards

The nature of matter Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

atom

A

basic unit of matter

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2
Q

3 subatomic particles

A

proton, neutrons, electrons

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3
Q

proton

A

positively charged in the nucleus

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4
Q

neutrons

A

found in the nucleus; has no charge

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5
Q

electrons

A

negatively charged; outside the nucleus

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6
Q

valence electrons

A

electrons on the outermost shell

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7
Q

atomic number

A

tells you the number of protons in the atom

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8
Q

protons are equal to

A

the number of electrons

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9
Q

mass number is also called

A

the atomic mass

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10
Q

mass number

A

the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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11
Q

to find neutrons, subtract …

A

the atomic number from the atomic mass

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12
Q

atomic structure

A

shows the number of protons, neutrons, & electrons in an atom

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13
Q

dot structure

A

only shows the number of valence electrons

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14
Q

how many electrons are in the first shell

A

2

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15
Q

how many electrons are in the 2nd shell

A

8

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16
Q

how many electrons are in the third shell

A

8

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17
Q

isotope

A

atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

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18
Q

compounds

A

2 or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions

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19
Q

chemical bond

A

force that holds atoms together

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20
Q

atoms bond to become …

A

stable

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21
Q

stable atoms

A

have a full outer shell

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22
Q

valence electrons …

A

gain, loose, and share electrons

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23
Q

ion

A

a charged atom

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24
Q

ions have more or less electrons…

A

than it does protons

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25
Q

what charge does an ion have

A

either negative or positive

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26
Q

groups 1, 2, & 3 on the periodic table are…

A

cations

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27
Q

cations (metal pr nonmetal)

A

metals

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28
Q

A cation’s job is to …

A

give away electrons

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29
Q

how many electrons does it have to give away to be complete

A

as many as it takes for a full outer shell

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30
Q

groups 5,6, & 7 on the periodic table are

A

anions

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31
Q

an anion’s job is to

A

take electrons

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32
Q

ionic bond

A

the transfer of electrons between atoms

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33
Q

an ionic bond happens between

A

an anion and a cation

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34
Q

ionic bond: givers give electrons to

A

takers (anions)

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35
Q

what is the point of an ionic bond

A

to create stable atoms & form compounds

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36
Q

what do you draw to show an ionic bond

A

arrows

37
Q

covalent bond

A

sharing of electrons between atoms

38
Q

covalent bonds form between 2

A

nonmetals

39
Q

Vaan der Waals forces:

A

brief interactions between molecules in living cells & sends signals chemical reactions, and copy info

40
Q

vaan der waal’s forces example

A

gecko & surface

41
Q

hydrogen bond

A

an attraction between 2 atoms that already participate in other bonds

42
Q

what kind of molecule is water

A

polar

43
Q

polarity

A

the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms

44
Q

what kind of charge does polarity create

A

a partial charge

45
Q

what does a partial charge allow

A

attraction of molecules

46
Q

cohesion

A

attraction of molecules of the same substance

47
Q

what does cohesion form

A

beads on smooth surfaces

48
Q

cohesion produces…

A

surface tension

49
Q

adhesion

A

attraction of molecules to different substances

50
Q

adhesion is stronger than …

A

cohesion

51
Q

example of adhesion

A

water in a graduated cylinder

52
Q

capillary adhesion

A

the rising of water against the force of gravity

53
Q

heat capacity

A

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature

54
Q

why would the temperature of heat capacity be hight

A

due to H bonds

55
Q

water is ____% of the human body

A

60

56
Q

mixture

A

2 or more elements or compounds not chemically combined

57
Q

how many types of mixtures are there

A

2

58
Q

what are the 2 types of mixtures

A

solution & suspension

59
Q

solution

A

components are evenly distrubuted

60
Q

solution ex

A

salt water & Kool aid

61
Q

solute

A

substance that is dissolved

62
Q

solvent

A

substance that does the dissolving

63
Q

what is the universal solvent

A

water

64
Q

saturated solvent

A

the water has dissolved all of the solute

65
Q

suspension

A

water & non-dissolved materials

66
Q

example of suspension

A

oil

67
Q

acid

A

produces hydrogen ions in water

68
Q

3 properties of acids

A

sour taste, burning sensation, and eat away at metal

69
Q

base

A

a substance that produces hydroxide ions in water

70
Q

hydroxide ion

A

OH^-

71
Q

properties of bases

A

slippery, bitter taste, corrosive

72
Q

common bases

A

magnesium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ammonia

73
Q

indicator

A

an organic compound that changes color in acids and bases

74
Q

example of an indicator

A

litmus paper

75
Q

what does red indicate on red litmus paper

A

acid

76
Q

what does blue indicate on blue litmus paper

A

bases

77
Q

pH

A

measures the amount of hydronium ions

78
Q

more hydronium ions equal

A

more acidic

79
Q

range of acids

A

0-6.9

80
Q

range of bases

A

7.1-14

81
Q

7 pH

A

neutral

82
Q

the lower the pH

A

the stronger the acid

83
Q

more hydroxide ions are

A

more basic

84
Q

neutral solution

A

equal concentration of hydronium and hydroxide ions

85
Q

buffers

A

solutions that contain ions to minimize the effects on pH

86
Q

neutralization

A

reaction between an acid and a base

87
Q

products of neutralization

A

salt and water

88
Q

salt

A

negative ions from an acid combined with positive ions from a base

Bio ch. 1 (4 decks)

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