ATP and cell transport Flashcards
what does ATP stand for
adenosine triphosphate
how many building blocks of ATP are there
5
what are the building blocks of ATP and how many of them are there
1 ribose, 1 adenine, 3 phosphates
what is the function of atp
to provide cell energy
what is the bond called between the second and third phosphate on atp
high energy bond
what is an anabolic reaction
using energy to build up substances
what does the cell use anabolic reactions for
cell activities, growth maintenance, and repair
what is a catabolic reaction
the breakdown of substances to release energy
what is an example of a catabolic reaction
cellular respiration and digestion
is energy released or stored when ATP is converted to ADP
released
is energy released or stored when ADP is converted to ATP
stored
what is the fluid in the fluid mosaic model
the phospholipids that move
what is the mosaic in the fluid mosaic model
the combo of protiens, lipids, and carbs
what does hydrophilic mean
water loving
what does hydrophobic mean
fear of water
which part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic
phosphate head
which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic
fatty acid tail
do heads of the bilayer face inside or outside of the cell
outside
do the tails of the bilayer face inside or outside of the cell
inside
why is it important for the cell membrane to be semipermeable
to keep the good things in and the bad things out
which way do particles move during passive transport
high to low concentration
does passive transport require the use of atp
no
what is the concentration gradient
the temporary difference in the amount of particles in a substance
what is the temporary difference in the amount of particles in a substance
concentration gradient
what does it mean when particles have reached the equilibrium
equal amounts of particles are on both sides of the cell membrane
what are the two main types of passive transport
osmosis and diffusion
what is simple diffusion
movement of particles from high to low concentration
true or false: simple diffusion only occurs in living things
false
does simple diffusion occur in animal or plant cells
both
ex of simple diffusion
food coloring in water and perfume
facilitated diffusion
high to low concentration with protiens
true or false: facilitated diffusion only occurs in living things
true
what is the function of a carrier protien
it help carry large molecules across the membrane
how does a carrier protien work
it interacts with a molecule, protien changes shape around the molecule, and it is released
what is an example of a molecule that uses a carrier protien
glucose
what is the function of a channel protien
it allows a molecule or ion to freely cross the membrane
how does a channel protien work
it can be gated or open
ex of a molecule that needs a channel protien
Na, Cl, Ca
what are the four factors that influence the rate of diffusion
temp, pressure, molecule size, electrical currents
osmosis
the movement of water from high to low concentration
why is osmosis important in a cell
maintains homeostasis
what will happen to a cell in an isotonic solution
it stays the same
isotonic solution
the concentration of a solute is equal inside and outside of the cell
hypertonic solution
concentration of the solute is higher in the solution than in the cell
what happens to the cell in a hypertonic solution
the cell shrinks
what is plasmolysis
the shrinking of the cytoplasm
what happens to an animal cell during plasmolysis
the whole cell shrinks
what happens to a plant cell during plasmolysis
the central vacuole shrinks
hypotonic solution
the concentration of the solute is lower in the solution of the cell
what happens to the cell in a hypotonic solution
water rushes into the cell
what is cytolysis
bursting of the cell
does turgor pressure happen in a plant or animal cell
plant
what is turgor pressure
the central vacuole is full and it pushes on the cell wall
true or false: cytolysis only happens in animal cells
true
which way do particles move during active transport
low to high concentartion
does active transport require ATP
yes
what are the 2 ways to transport using active transport
molecular and bulk
what is a protein pump
pumps small molecules and ions against the concentartion gradient
example of a protein pump
Na+/K+ pumps
since the concentration of sodium is higher on the outside of the cell, will it move into or out of the cell?
out of the cell
since the concentration of potassium is higher on the inside of the cell, will it move into or out of the cell?
into
for every three sodium pumped, how many potassium are pumped
2
what is the engulfment of large particles and bringing them into the cell known as
endocytosis
what are the 2 types of endocytosis
pinocytosis and phagocytosis
what is the engulfing of liquids from the outside of the cell known as
pinocytosis
example of pinocytosis
microvilli in the small intesine
what is the engulfing of large particles or foreign material known as
phagocytosis
what is the release of large particles or liquids outside of the cell known as
exocytosis
ex of exocytosis
releasing hormones or nerve impulses
