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Bio ch. 1 > biochemistry > Flashcards

biochemistry Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what type of bond do all organic compounds have

A

C-H

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2
Q

inorganic or organic:
C6 H12 O6

A

organic

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3
Q

inorganic or organic:
NaCl

A

inorganic

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4
Q

inorganic or organic:
C2 H5 OH

A

organic

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5
Q

inorganic or organic:
H20

A

inorganic

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6
Q

elements found in carbs

A

C, H, O

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7
Q

Carb or Not:
C12 H22 O11

A

yes

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8
Q

Carb or Not:
C4 H14 O10

A

no

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9
Q

Carb or Not:
C10 H18 O9

A

yes

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10
Q

Carb or Not:
C11 H16 O7

A

no

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11
Q

what are the monomer of carbs

A

monosaccharide

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12
Q

isomer

A

molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

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13
Q

monosaccharides are formed through what type of reaction

A

dehydration synthesis

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14
Q

what molecule is used to form a polymer of carbs

A

H20

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15
Q

what are the functions of carbs

A

energy & structure

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16
Q

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide:
sucrose

A

di

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17
Q

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide:
fructose

A

mono

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18
Q

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide:
starch

A

poly

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19
Q

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide:
cellulose

A

poly

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20
Q

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide:
lactose

A

di

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21
Q

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide:
maltose

A

di

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22
Q

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide:
galactose

A

mono

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23
Q

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide:
glucose

A

mono

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24
Q

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide:
glycogen

A

poly

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25
Q

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide:
C6 H12 O6

A

mono

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26
Q

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide:
(C6 H10 O5)n

A

poly

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27
Q

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide:
C12 H22 O11

A

di

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28
Q

an unknown carb is blue in benedict’s solution and black/purple iodine. What type of carb is it?

A

polysaccharide

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29
Q

how many cals are in 1 gram of carbs

A

4

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30
Q

good carbs

A

rice

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31
Q

bad carbs

A

donuts

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32
Q

what type of reaction breaks down a polymer of organic molecules

A

hydrolysis

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33
Q

what is added during hydrolysis

A

water

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34
Q

a polymer of 8 monosaccharides is synthesized. How many water molecules need to be removed to create the polymer?

A

7

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35
Q

elements found in protiens

A

C, H, O, N

36
Q

functions of protiens

A

growth, maintenance, repair, metabolism

37
Q

what do protiens serve as?

A

enzymes

38
Q

what are enzymes

A

biological catalysts that speed up reactions

39
Q

monomers of protiens

A

amino acids

40
Q

how many amino acids are there

A

20

41
Q

true or false: what type of bond is formed between 2 amino acids

A

peptide bonds

42
Q

which part is the amino acid structure makes it different from other amino acids?

A

r group

43
Q

3 ways protiens different from each other

A

type of a.a., order of a.a., length of a.a. chains

44
Q

how much of your diet should be protien

A

12-15%

45
Q

ex of food high in protien

A

meat and eggs

46
Q

how many cals do you get from 1 gram of protien

A

4

47
Q

what lab test determines the presence of absence of protien

A

Burrett’s

48
Q

what are lipids also known as

A

fats

49
Q

elements found in lipids

A

C, H, O

50
Q

functions of lipids

A

protection, insulation of energy

51
Q

how many cals of energy do you get from one gram of lipids

A

9

52
Q

why do we not use lipids as our primary energy source

A

faster to break down glucose

53
Q

how do lipids different from each other

A

amount of fatty acids

54
Q

4 main classes of lipids

A

triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, waxes

55
Q

sat or unsat fatty acids:
no double bonded carbon atoms

A

sat

56
Q

sat or unsat fatty acids:
solid at room temp

A

sat

57
Q

sat or unsat fatty acids:
source is animal fat

A

sat

58
Q

sat or unsat fatty acids:
peanut oil

A

unsat

59
Q

sat or unsat fatty acids:
at least one double bonded carbon

A

unsat

60
Q

sat or unsat fatty acids:
source is plant fat

A

unsat

61
Q

sat or unsat fatty acids:
liquid at room temp

A

unsat

62
Q

sat or unsat fatty acids:
bacon

A

sat

63
Q

sat or unsat fatty acids:
can contribute to heart disease

A

sat

64
Q

sat or unsat fatty acids:
has the ability to raise good cholesterol

A

unsat

65
Q

structure of a phospholipid

A

glycerol, 2 hydrophobic fatty acid chains/tails, & hydrophilic phosphate head

66
Q

hydrophobic

A

water fearing

67
Q

hydrphilic

A

likes water

68
Q

type of lipid made of 4 fused carbon rigs is known as

A

steroid

69
Q

example of a steroid

A

cholesterol

70
Q

what is the test for lipids

A

Sudan III

71
Q

positive test for Sudan III looks like

A

2 layers with red on top

72
Q

function of nucleic acids

A

store & transmit genetic info

73
Q

monomers of nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

74
Q

3 parts of a nucleotide

A

phosphate group, nitrogenous base, 5-C sugar

75
Q

how do nucleotides different from each other

A

nitrogenous base

76
Q

ex of nucleic acids

A

DNA & RNA

77
Q

DNA or RNA:
double chain

A

dna

78
Q

DNA or RNA:
determines characteristics of an organism

A

dna

79
Q

DNA or RNA:
has the sugar ribose

A

rna

80
Q

DNA or RNA:
stores and transfers info to make protiens

A

rna

81
Q

DNA or RNA:
has the sugar deoxyribose

A

dna

82
Q

DNA or RNA:
single chain

A

rna

83
Q

DNA or RNA:
directs cell activities

A

dna

84
Q

difference between the sugars deoxyribose and ribose

A

they determine if its DNA or RNA

85
Q

what shape is the glucose structure

A

6 sided
hexagon

86
Q

what is the shape of the fructose structure

A

5 sided
pentagon

Bio ch. 1 (7 decks)

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