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Bio ch. 1 > prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes > Flashcards

prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cell

A

basic unit of life

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2
Q

what is the basic unit of structure and function

A

cells

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3
Q

what is the cell theory (3 things)

A
  1. All living thing are made up of cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
  3. All cells come from preexisting cells
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4
Q

what do all cells come from

A

pre-existing cells

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5
Q

cells have 4 things in common:

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, genetic material

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6
Q

organelle

A

tiny organ; specialized parts of a cell having a specific function

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7
Q

Cell Membrane aka

A

plasma membrane

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8
Q

cell membrane function

A

controls what enters and exits the cell

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9
Q

cell membrane structure

A

phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in

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10
Q

semi-permeable

A

only allows certain things to enter and exit the cell

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11
Q

Nucleus function

A

the control center of the cell; DNA is found here

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12
Q

Nucleus structure

A

large and circular near the center

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13
Q

nuclear membrane function

A

controls what goes in and out of the nucleus

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14
Q

nucleoplasm function

A

helps maintain the shape of nucleus

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15
Q

nucleoplasm structure

A

jelly like material found in the nucleus

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16
Q

Nucleolus function

A

makes ribosomes

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17
Q

Nucleolus structure

A

small and round located inside the nucleus

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18
Q

Chromatin function

A

forms chromosomes during cell division

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19
Q

Chromatin structure

A

uncoiled spaghetti like appearance

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20
Q

cytoplasm function

A

holds all organelles and cytoskeleton in place; moves nutrients through the cell

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21
Q

cytoplasm structure

A

jelly-like material found inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus

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22
Q

cytoskeleton

A

A network of protein fibers extending through the cytoplasm

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23
Q

Microtubules function

A

motor proteins that move vesicles in the cell

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24
Q

Microtubules structure

A

Hollow tubes made of protein

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25
Q

microfilaments function

A

help maintain the shape and support the cell

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26
Q

microfilaments structure

A

Twisted chain of thin protein fibers

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27
Q

microtubules and microfilaments are both part of the …

A

cytoskeleton

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28
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) function

A

Transports materials through the cell

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29
Q

what are the two types of ER’s

A

smooth and rough

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30
Q

rough ER

A

has ribosomes attached to help synthesize proteins

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31
Q

smooth ER

A

has nothing attached; synthesizes lipids and carbs and detoxification

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32
Q

ribosomes function

A

make proteins

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33
Q

ribosomes structure

A

small and lacks a membrane; can be free or attached

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34
Q

what do ribosomes link together by reading genetic code

A

amino acids

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35
Q

golgi function

A

modifies lipids and proteins and packages materials to send out of cell

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36
Q

golgi structure

A

flattened sac of membranes, look like pancakes

37
Q

mitochondria function

A

Makes ATP (energy)

38
Q

where does cellular respiration occur

A

in the mitochondria

39
Q

mitochondria structure

A

bean shaped with folded inner membranes and double outer membrane

40
Q

vacuole function

A

stores materials in cells

41
Q

vacuole structure

A

fluid filled membranous sacs

42
Q

is the vacuole bigger in the animal cell or the plant cell

A

plant

43
Q

lysosomes function

A

digest food, bacteria, and dead worn out cells

44
Q

lysosomes structure

A

small, round, membranous sac

45
Q

Centrioles function

A

help form mitotic spindle in cell division

46
Q

Centrioles structure

A

made of microtubules

47
Q

cilia function

A

short hairlike structures that aid in movement

48
Q

cell wall function

A

protection and support of the cell

49
Q

cell wall structure

A

rigid outer layer made of cellulose

50
Q

which organelles are special animal parts?

A

lysosomes, centrioles, and cilia

51
Q

chloroplast function

A

uses energy from the sun to make food; where photosynthesis occurs

52
Q

chloroplast structure

A

oval and green due to the pigment chlorophyll

53
Q

chromoplast function

A

gives plants their bright colors

54
Q

what are special plant cell parts

A

cell wall, chloroplast, chromoplast

55
Q

is a prokaryotic cell multicellular on unicellular

A

unicellular

56
Q

what is the only example of a prokaryote

A

eubacteria and archaebacteria

57
Q

what is the domain that contains prokaryotes that live in extreme environments?

A

archaebacteria

58
Q

what is the domain that is considered “true bacteria”

A

eubacteria

59
Q

how are prokaryotes classified

A

by its shape

60
Q

what are the types of prokaryotic cells

A

bacillus, coccus, and sprilla

61
Q

what shape is bacillus

A

rod-shaped

62
Q

what shape is coccus

A

spherical

63
Q

what shape is sprilla

A

spiral & coiled

64
Q

what is the outermost layer of a prokaryotic cell

A

capsule

65
Q

what is the function of the capsule

A

protection from attacks

66
Q

what makes up the cell wall

A

peptidoglycan

67
Q

what is the DNA is a cell known as

A

nucleoid

68
Q

plasmid

A

extra DNA gives the cell more characteristics

69
Q

what is the function of the fimbriae

A

allows adhesion to surfaces

70
Q

what is the flagella’s structure

A

whip-like

71
Q

what is the function of the flagella

A

to aid in movement

72
Q

do prokaryotes have a nucleus

A

no

73
Q

do prokaryotes have organelles

A

no

74
Q

are prokaryotes big or small

A

small

75
Q

how long have prokaryotes been around

A

3.5 bil years

76
Q

do prokaryotes have a lot of a single loop of DNA

A

single loop

77
Q

do all prokaryotes have a cell wall

A

yes

78
Q

do all prokaryotes have flagella

A

yes

79
Q

are eukaryotes unicellular or multicellular

A

both

80
Q

it is more common for a eukaryote to be unicellular or multicellular

A

multi

81
Q

do eukaryotes have a nucleus

A

yes

82
Q

are eukaryotes big or small

A

big

83
Q

do eukaryotes have a lot of a single loop of DNA

A

lots

84
Q

do eukaryotes have a cell wall

A

no

85
Q

true or false: only plants have a cell wall

A

true

86
Q

3 examples of a eukaryote

A

plants, animals, and fungus

87
Q

what is the scientific name for the energy that the mitochondria creates

A

ATP

88
Q

the path a protein takes through the cell

A
  1. ribosomes
  2. rough er
  3. golgi
  4. vacuole
  5. cell membrane
  6. lysosome
89
Q

what makes plants green

A

chlorophyl

Bio ch. 1 (7 decks)

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