The nature and variety of living organisms

Question 1

What are the characteristics of living organisms?

Answer 1

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Control internal conditions
Growth
Reproduce
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 2

State 3 differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms

Answer 2

1. Eukaryotic has nucleus, prokaryotic doesn’t have one
2. Prokaryotic are always unicellular, eukaryotic are OFTEN multicellular
3. Prokaryotic are smaller than eukaryotic

Question 3

What organisms are eukaryotic?

Answer 3

Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctists

Question 4

What organisms are a prokaryotic

Answer 4

Bacteria

Question 5

Define pathogen and give examples

Answer 5

Pathogens are disease-causing organisms

examples : fungi, bacteria, protoctists, viruses

Question 6

Example of a disease each pathogen can cause

Answer 6

Bacteria : salmonella
Protoctist : malaria
Fungi : athletes foot
Virus : influenza

Question 7

Describe plants

Answer 7

• multicellular organisms
• contain chloroplast to carry out photosynthesis
• have cellulose cell walls
• store carbohydrates as starch/sucrose

Question 8

Describe Animals

Answer 8

• multicellular organisms
• do not contain chloroplast cannot carry out photosynthesis
• no cell walls
• can move from place to place
• often store carbohydrate as glycogen

Question 9

Describe fungi

Answer 9

• can not carry out photosynthesis
• body is usually organized into a mycelium made from hyphae
• cell walls made from chitin
• feed by saprotrophic nutrition
• may store carbohydrate as glycogen

Question 10

Describe protoctist

Answer 10

• microscopic single-celled organisms
• some (amoeba) have animal features
• some (chlorella) have chloroplast, and are more like plant cells

Question 11

Describe bacteria

Answer 11

• microscopic single-celled organisms
• have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and plasmids
• no nucleus
• some carry out photosynthesis, but most feed off living or dead organisms

Question 12

Define parasitic

Answer 12

• can only reproduce within living cells
• can infect every type of living organism
• hijacks the cell mechanisms to create millions of copies of itself and then spreads within the host by cell bursting

Question 13

Describe viruses

Answer 13

• not living organisms
• small, smaller than bacteria
• parasitic
• infect every type of living organism
• have wide variety of shapes and sizes
•have protein coat