The Muscular System Flashcards
tendons
connect muscle to bone; provide anchor for muscles to produce force
fascia
outer layer of connective tissue surrounding a muscle
fascicles
bundle of individual muscle fibers
muscle fiber
cellular components and myofibrils encased in a plasma membrane
sarcomere
produces muscular contraction; repeating sections of actin and myosin
sliding filament theory
thick and thin filaments slide past one another, shortening the entire sacromere
Type I (slow twitch) muscle tone
smaller size; fatigue slowly
Type II (fast twitch) muscle tone
larger size; quick to produce maximal tension; fatigue quickly
motor unit
one motor neuron and the muscle fibers it connects with
neural activation
contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation
neurotransmitters
chemical messengers that transport impulses from nerve to muscle
cross-section of a muscle
muscle fiber
endomysium
perimysium
epimysium
local stabilization system
attach directly to vertebrae
consists of: transverse abdominis, internal oblique, multifidus, pelvic floor, diaphragm
global stabilization system
attach from pelvis to spine
consists of: quadratus lumborum, psoas major, external oblique, rectus abdominis, gluteus medius, adductor complex, portions of internal oblique.
movement system
attach spine and/or pelvis to extremities
consists of: latissimus dorsi, hip flexors, hamstring complex, quadriceps
