The Cardiorespiratory System Flashcards
cardiorespiratory system
cardiovascular and respiratory systems
cardiovascular system
heart, blood, and blood vessels
cardiac muscle
shorter, more tightly connected than skeletal muscle; involuntary
atria
smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive blood from veins
right atrium
gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart
left atrium
gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs
Sinoatrial (SA) node
located in the right atrium; initiates impulse for heart rate; “pacemaker for the heart.”
ventricles
larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out
right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs
left ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood to the body
arteries
carry blood away from the heart
veins
transport blood back to the heart
arterioles
small branches of arteries; end in capillaries
capillaries
smallest blood vessels; site of gas, chemical, and water exchange.
functions of blood
transportation: oxygen, nutrients, hormones
protection: clotting, immunity
regulation: temperature, pH
venules
very small veins; connect capillaries to larger viens
stroke volume
amount of blood pumped with each contraction
heart rate
the rate at which the heart pumps; average untrained adult = 70-80 bpm.
cardiac output
volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate X stroke volume
respiratory system
lungs and respiratory passageways; brings oxygen, removes CO2
inspiration
contracting inspiratory muscles to moves air into lungs
inspiratory muscles
primary: diaphragm, external intercostals
secondary: scalenes, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid
expiration
relaxing inspiratory muscles (passive), contracting expiratory muscles (active) to move air out.
expiratory muscles
internal intercostals, abdominals
resting oxygen consumption (VO2)
3.5 ml x kg-1 x min-1 = 1 metabolic equivalent (MET)
maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)
highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion
abnormal breathing patterns
associated with stress and anxiety; may result in headaches, fatigue, poor circulation, and/or sleep patterns.
cardiorespiratory exercise INCREASES
cardiac output, breathing efficiency, oxygen transport and use, use of fats for fuel, mental alertness, ability to relax and sleep, tolerance to stress, lean body mass, metabolic rate.
cardiorespiratory exercise DECREASES
resting heart rate, cholesterol, blood pressure, and the risks of heart disease, blood clots, depression, anxiety, obesity, and diabetes.
