The Cardiorespiratory System

Question 1

cardiorespiratory system

Answer 1

cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Question 2

cardiovascular system

Answer 2

heart, blood, and blood vessels

Question 3

cardiac muscle

Answer 3

shorter, more tightly connected than skeletal muscle; involuntary

Question 4

atria

Answer 4

smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive blood from veins

Question 5

right atrium

Answer 5

gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart

Question 6

left atrium

Answer 6

gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 7

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 7

located in the right atrium; initiates impulse for heart rate; “pacemaker for the heart.”

Question 8

ventricles

Answer 8

larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out

Question 9

right ventricle

Answer 9

pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs

Question 10

left ventricle

Answer 10

pumps oxygenated blood to the body

Question 11

arteries

Answer 11

carry blood away from the heart

Question 12

veins

Answer 12

transport blood back to the heart

Question 13

arterioles

Answer 13

small branches of arteries; end in capillaries

Question 14

capillaries

Answer 14

smallest blood vessels; site of gas, chemical, and water exchange.

Question 15

functions of blood

Answer 15

transportation: oxygen, nutrients, hormones
protection: clotting, immunity
regulation: temperature, pH

Question 16

venules

Answer 16

very small veins; connect capillaries to larger viens

Question 17

stroke volume

Answer 17

amount of blood pumped with each contraction

Question 18

heart rate

Answer 18

the rate at which the heart pumps; average untrained adult = 70-80 bpm.

Question 19

cardiac output

Answer 19

volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate X stroke volume

Question 20

respiratory system

Answer 20

lungs and respiratory passageways; brings oxygen, removes CO2

Question 21

inspiration

Answer 21

contracting inspiratory muscles to moves air into lungs

Question 22

inspiratory muscles

Answer 22

primary: diaphragm, external intercostals
secondary: scalenes, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid

Question 23

expiration

Answer 23

relaxing inspiratory muscles (passive), contracting expiratory muscles (active) to move air out.

Question 24

expiratory muscles

Answer 24

internal intercostals, abdominals

Question 25

resting oxygen consumption (VO2)

Answer 25

3.5 ml x kg-1 x min-1 = 1 metabolic equivalent (MET)

Question 26

maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)

Answer 26

highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion

Question 27

abnormal breathing patterns

Answer 27

associated with stress and anxiety; may result in headaches, fatigue, poor circulation, and/or sleep patterns.

Question 28

cardiorespiratory exercise INCREASES

Answer 28

cardiac output, breathing efficiency, oxygen transport and use, use of fats for fuel, mental alertness, ability to relax and sleep, tolerance to stress, lean body mass, metabolic rate.

Question 29

cardiorespiratory exercise DECREASES

Answer 29

resting heart rate, cholesterol, blood pressure, and the risks of heart disease, blood clots, depression, anxiety, obesity, and diabetes.