The Muscles Flashcards
What are the 3 types of muscle?
- Skeletal (voluntary)
- Cardiac (involuntary)
- Smooth (involuntary)
Type of connective tissue
What do tendons/aponeuroses connect?
- Bone and muscle
Type of connective tissue
What are fascia/septa?
- Found between/around individual muscles
- Septa separate groups of muscles into compartments
Type of connective tissue
What is retinaculum?
- Thickening of fascia that retain structures in plane
How are muscles arranged? What does this mean for their function?
- Within compartments
- Muscles within the same compartment generally have the** same function**
- Muscles within the same compartment generally have the same nerve supply
What are synergists and antagonists in muscles?
- Synergists: muscles sharing the same function
- Antagonists: muscles having opposing function
How many compartments are there in the arm?
2
* Anterior compartment
* Posterior compartment
Whats the mnenomic for remembering the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?
BBC
* Biceps brachii (flexes the elbow)
* Brachialis (more power at flexing the elbow)
* Coracobrachialis (doesn’t cross elbow so cant do anything at the elbow)
Whats the nerve suppling the anterior compartment of the upper arm?
- Musculocutaneous nerve
What muscles contained in the posterior compartment in the arm?
- Triceps brachii (extends elbow)
What nerve supplies the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm?
- Radial nerve
Whats compartment syndrome?
- Excessive pressure in a confined space
e.g. damaged artery causing blood to fill the compartment will cause pain. You will have to cut open the compartment to get rid of the blood causing pressure to prevent nerve damage
How many muscle compartments are there in the thigh?
- Anterior
- Medial
- Posterior
What are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh and what is their function?
Quadriceps femoris (group) muscles flex the knee
- Rectus femoris (also flexes the hip)
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intemedius
- Vastus medialis
But also contains a separate muscle, not in the quad group… the satoruis (longest muscle in the body) does NOT extend the knee joint. It flexes the hip joint.
What is the sartorius muscle and what does it do?
- Longest muscle in the body
- NOT in the quadriceps group
- Flexes the knee (quads extend)
What does the rectus femoris do differently to the other 3 quadriceps muscles?
- As it crosses the anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium, it also flexes the hip
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?
- Femoral nerve
What are the 4 ways a muscle may act on a joint if it crosses a joint?
- Prime mover: responsibility for effecting a movement
- Antagonist: opposes the action of another muscle
- Synergist: aids the action of a prime mover by effecting same movement or stabilising joints across which the prime mover acts to prevent undesirable movements
- Fixator: Immobilises one or more bones, allowing other muscles to act from a stable base
What is the pelvic girdle and is it mobile?
- Clavicle, scapula
- It is mobile at the scapula and rib cage at the scapulothoracic joint
Movements of the scapula:
* Elevation/depression
* Protraction/retration
* Rotation
What is the pelvic girdle and is it mobile?
- Immobile
- Hip bones, sacrum, coccyx
What do muscles end in?
Tendons (parallel collagen fibres oriented in line with the pull of muscle)
What is a flat tendon?
Aponeurosis
- What connective tissue separates skin from muscle and bone?
- What are the 2 types?
- Fascia
- Superficial fascia: subcut layer under the skin, fatty later and membranous layer
- Deep fascia: thin layer of connective tissue which covers all skeletal muscles. Deep dense fascia encloses muscle in muscle compartments.
How is each muscle supplied by nerve?
Nerve fibres through an ending called the motor end plate (neuromuscular junction)
What type of connective tissue are tendons?
Dense, regular connective tissue
Whats the region of interface between muscles and tendons called?
Myotendinous junction
