Skin Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 functions of the skin?

A
  • Protection
  • Thermoregulation
  • Excretion of sweat
  • Vitamin D synthesis
  • Sensory reception
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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A
  • Epidermis (of ectoderm origin)
  • Dermis (of mesoderm origin)
  • Hypodermis (subcut tissue or superficial fascia - connective tissue)
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3
Q

What epithelium is the epidermis composed of?

A
  • Stratified squamous keratinised epithelium
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4
Q

What are the 5 layers of keratinocytes?

A
  • Stratum basale/germinativum (stem cell)
  • Stratum spinosum (prickle cell)
  • Stratum granulosum (Keratohyalin granules)
  • Stratum lucidum (thick skin)
  • Stratum corneum (Cornified layer)
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5
Q

What is 1 in every 10 keratinocyte cells?

A

Melanocyte - pigment producing cell

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6
Q

Label the cells of the skin

A
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7
Q

Where are the langerhans cells and what do they do?

A
  • Found in the stratum spinosum layer
  • Antigen presenting cells for T cells
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8
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A
  • Papillary layer - loose connective tissue
  • Reticular layer - dense irregular connective tissue
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9
Q

How is the papillary layer of the dermis attached to the epithelium?

A
  • Dermal papillae that interdigitate with epidermal (rete) ridges
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10
Q

How does epidermis get its blood supply?

A
  • Epidermis doesnt have it’s own blood supply
  • relies on diffusion from dermis
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11
Q

What makes up your fingerprint?

A

The papillae in the dermis going up and down

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12
Q

Label the layers of the skin

A
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13
Q

What is the hypodermis made up of?

A
  • Primarily adipose tissue segregated by loost connective tissue
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14
Q

What does the hypodermis attach?

A
  • Attaches the skin to underlying structures and allow its free movement
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15
Q

What is the function of hypodermis?

A

Insulates the body and provides energy storage

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16
Q

Does the hypodermis contain a blood supply?

A

Yes:
Contains major vessels, nerves, some nerve endings and terminal parts of the skin appendages

17
Q

What are 3 skin appendages?

A
  • Hair and follicles
  • Glands (sweat and sebaceous)
  • Nails
18
Q

Define:
1. Hair follicle
2. Hair bulb
3. Hair

A
  1. HF is a downgrowth of the epidermis (may extend to hypodermis)
  2. HB is the terminal dilation of the hair follicle, consits of: matrix cells surrounding a hair (dermal papilla)
  3. Keratinized outgrowth of the hair follicle
19
Q

What is the muscle that moves the hair?

A

Errector pili (goosebumps = contraction to make the hair standup)

20
Q

What is the:
* Frequency
* Structure
* Function
of the
1. Eccrine glands
2. Apocrine glands

A
  1. Abundant
    * Coiled tubular glands, distal secretory part, narrow duct
    * Role in thermoregulation, protection & excretion
  2. Limited to the areola, axilla, anal and external genital regions
    * Coiled tubular glands, wider lumen, branched and open into the hair follicles
    * Become functional at puberty, secretion is pheremone
21
Q
  1. What are sebaceous glands and where are they found?
  2. What do they produce
  3. Function?
A
  1. Branched acinar glands located between the hair follicle and arrector pili musle
  2. Produces sebum
  3. Waterproofing and protection
22
Q

What does blockage or inflammation of sebaceous glands result in?

23
Q

What are the nails composed of?

A
  • Nail plate - several layers of dead compacted cells
  • Nail bed - beneath nail plate - comprises dermis and epidermis
  • Many nerves and vessels
24
Q

What are the 2 types of nerve endings?

A
  • Non-encapsulated
  • Encapsulated
25
1. Where are non-encapsulated nerve endings found? 2. What do they do?
1. In epidermis between keratinocytes or attached to merkel cells * In the dermis around the hair follicles 2. In merkel cells detect pain, heat, cold, fine and discriminative touch * In the dermis detects hair displacement
26
1. What are the 2 types of encapsulated nerve endings and where are they found, what do they detect?
1. Pacinian corpuscles (hypodermis) detect pressure and vibration 2. Meissner's corpuscles (dermis) detect light touch
27
What do sympathetic motor efferent nerve endings supply?
* Vascular smooth muscle * Arrector pili muscles * Sweat glands
28
What do the sympathetic sensory nerve endings supply?
* Carry sensation to the CNS