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Year 1 Anatomy > Skin Anatomy > Flashcards

Skin Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 functions of the skin?

A
  • Protection
  • Thermoregulation
  • Excretion of sweat
  • Vitamin D synthesis
  • Sensory reception
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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A
  • Epidermis (of ectoderm origin)
  • Dermis (of mesoderm origin)
  • Hypodermis (subcut tissue or superficial fascia - connective tissue)
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3
Q

What epithelium is the epidermis composed of?

A
  • Stratified squamous keratinised epithelium
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4
Q

What are the 5 layers of keratinocytes?

A
  • Stratum basale/germinativum (stem cell)
  • Stratum spinosum (prickle cell)
  • Stratum granulosum (Keratohyalin granules)
  • Stratum lucidum (thick skin)
  • Stratum corneum (Cornified layer)
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5
Q

What is 1 in every 10 keratinocyte cells?

A

Melanocyte - pigment producing cell

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6
Q

Label the cells of the skin

A
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7
Q

Where are the langerhans cells and what do they do?

A
  • Found in the stratum spinosum layer
  • Antigen presenting cells for T cells
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8
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A
  • Papillary layer - loose connective tissue
  • Reticular layer - dense irregular connective tissue
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9
Q

How is the papillary layer of the dermis attached to the epithelium?

A
  • Dermal papillae that interdigitate with epidermal (rete) ridges
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10
Q

How does epidermis get its blood supply?

A
  • Epidermis doesnt have it’s own blood supply
  • relies on diffusion from dermis
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11
Q

What makes up your fingerprint?

A

The papillae in the dermis going up and down

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12
Q

Label the layers of the skin

A
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13
Q

What is the hypodermis made up of?

A
  • Primarily adipose tissue segregated by loost connective tissue
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14
Q

What does the hypodermis attach?

A
  • Attaches the skin to underlying structures and allow its free movement
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15
Q

What is the function of hypodermis?

A

Insulates the body and provides energy storage

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16
Q

Does the hypodermis contain a blood supply?

A

Yes:
Contains major vessels, nerves, some nerve endings and terminal parts of the skin appendages

17
Q

What are 3 skin appendages?

A
  • Hair and follicles
  • Glands (sweat and sebaceous)
  • Nails
18
Q

Define:
1. Hair follicle
2. Hair bulb
3. Hair

A
  1. HF is a downgrowth of the epidermis (may extend to hypodermis)
  2. HB is the terminal dilation of the hair follicle, consits of: matrix cells surrounding a hair (dermal papilla)
  3. Keratinized outgrowth of the hair follicle
19
Q

What is the muscle that moves the hair?

A

Errector pili (goosebumps = contraction to make the hair standup)

20
Q

What is the:
* Frequency
* Structure
* Function
of the
1. Eccrine glands
2. Apocrine glands

A
  1. Abundant
    * Coiled tubular glands, distal secretory part, narrow duct
    * Role in thermoregulation, protection & excretion
  2. Limited to the areola, axilla, anal and external genital regions
    * Coiled tubular glands, wider lumen, branched and open into the hair follicles
    * Become functional at puberty, secretion is pheremone
21
Q
  1. What are sebaceous glands and where are they found?
  2. What do they produce
  3. Function?
A
  1. Branched acinar glands located between the hair follicle and arrector pili musle
  2. Produces sebum
  3. Waterproofing and protection
22
Q

What does blockage or inflammation of sebaceous glands result in?

A

Acne

23
Q

What are the nails composed of?

A
  • Nail plate - several layers of dead compacted cells
  • Nail bed - beneath nail plate - comprises dermis and epidermis
  • Many nerves and vessels
24
Q

What are the 2 types of nerve endings?

A
  • Non-encapsulated
  • Encapsulated
25
Q
  1. Where are non-encapsulated nerve endings found?
  2. What do they do?
A
  1. In epidermis between keratinocytes or attached to merkel cells
    * In the dermis around the hair follicles
  2. In merkel cells detect pain, heat, cold, fine and discriminative touch
    * In the dermis detects hair displacement
26
Q
  1. What are the 2 types of encapsulated nerve endings and where are they found, what do they detect?
A
  1. Pacinian corpuscles (hypodermis) detect pressure and vibration
  2. Meissner’s corpuscles (dermis) detect light touch
27
Q

What do sympathetic motor efferent nerve endings supply?

A
  • Vascular smooth muscle
  • Arrector pili muscles
  • Sweat glands
28
Q

What do the sympathetic sensory nerve endings supply?

A
  • Carry sensation to the CNS

Year 1 Anatomy (19 decks)

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