the multicultural journey (lecture 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

what are emotional roadblocks to the path of cultural competence

A

Strong emotions such as anger, sadness, and defensiveness are displayed when discussing experiences of race, culture, gender, and other sociodemographic variables.

  • These feelings can enhance or negate a deeper understanding of the worldviews of culturally diverse clients.
  • Defensive feelings serve to protect us from having to examine our own prejudices and biases (Winter, 1977).
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2
Q

what is implicit bias

A
  • The implicit biases are unconscious, often unexplored, and foster feelings and attitudes towards others based on group membership
  • Gradual and develop through direct and indirect messages
  • Implicit biases arepervasive and universal
  • The implicit biases we possess do not have to align with our overt beliefs
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3
Q

what is the invisible veil

A
  • Operates outside of the level of conscious awareness
  • Assumption that everyone has the same experience
  • Underlying and Unconscious racist, sexist, and other views exist
  • Lack of exploring underlying emotions and worldviews actually perpetuate bias and discrimination
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4
Q

what is shifting standards

A

“When judging individuals [from different social groups], one may implicitly refer to his or her conception of the group mean or standard on the dimension of interest as an important reference criterion.”

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5
Q

what is color blindness

A

-Color-blind racial attitudes are defined as “the belief that race should not and does not matter”

Individuals who hold color- blind racial:

  • Tend to deny the individual and institutional impact of racism
  • Race is of little importance
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6
Q

what are some tips for challenging oppression and bias during dialogue

A
  • Acknowledge that intent does not always equal impact (Microaggressions)
  • Challenge personal assumptions and behavior. Be aware of your own stereotypes, prejudice, and discriminatory behaviors
  • Safe versus Brave space
  • Ongoing Dialogue
  • Learn how to give and receive feedback especially around different topics.
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7
Q

what are the kinds of racial microaggressions

A

microinsult, microassault, microinvalidation

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8
Q

what is a microinsult and examples

A

often unconscious behavioral or verbal remarks that convey a person’s insensitivity and demean a person

ex. ascription of intelligence, second class citizen, pathologizing cultural values

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9
Q

what is a microassault

A

explicit racial derogations characterized primarily by a violent verbal or nonverbal attack meant to hurt the intended victim

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10
Q

what is microinvalidation and examples

A

verbal comments or behaviors that exclude, negate, or nullify the psychological thoughts feelings or experiential reality of a person of color

ex. Allen in own land, color blindness, myth of meritocracy, denial of racism

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11
Q

what is a racial microaggression

A

commonplace verbal or behavioral indignities, whether intention or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults

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12
Q

what is an environmental microaggression

A

racial assaults, insults and invalidations that are manifested on systemic and environmental levels (macro level

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13
Q

etic vs. emic

A
Cultural universality (etic) versus cultural relativism (emic)
-General idea of what might happen when someone is experiencing psychosis, but there is also individual and specific responses to that
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14
Q

why is there a need for multicultural classes/competence

A
  • Eurocentric male basis of techniques and theories
  • Worldviews
  • Standards to judge normality
  • Mistrust in mental health system
  • Disparities in service delivery
  • Biased diagnoses and treatment
  • Biased indicators of dangerousness and severity of illness
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15
Q

what is cultural competence

A

“Cultural competence is the ability to engage in actions or create conditions that maximize the optimal development of client and client systems. It is the acquisition of awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic society, and on an organizational/societal level, advocating effectively to develop new theories, practices, policies, and organizational structures that are more responsive to all groups.”

-Integrating cultural data into counseling, conceptualization, and interventions

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16
Q

what is cultural humility

A
  • Cultural humility is a lifelong process of self-reflection, self-critique and commitment to understanding and respecting different points of view, and engaging with others humbly, authentically and from a place of learning
  • Addresses the role of power and privilege
  • Cultural humility upholds each individual or community group as the experts
17
Q

what is social justice

A

full and equal participation of all groups in a society that is mutually shaped to meet their needs. Social justice includes a vision of society in which the distribution of resources is equitable and all members are physically and psychologically safe and secure.

18
Q

challenges with counseling clients

A
  1. Seeing Culture as Separate or Superficial
  2. Overidentification With the Client
  3. Encountering Clashes in Cultural Values
  4. Encountering Clashes in Communication and Therapeutic Styles
  5. Receiving and Expressing Racial Animosity
  6. Having the Competency of the Therapist Challenged
  7. Needing to Prove Competence
  8. Transferring Animosity to Clients
  9. Unrealistically Viewing the Therapist as a Super Minority Therapist
    - Oh this microaggression doesn’t apply to you, tell me about that. What if I was? How would you view me?
  10. Dealing with the Stage of Identity of Counselors and Clients
  11. Not seeing the bias in one’s own group.
19
Q

implications for counseling

A
  • Realize that you are a product of cultural conditioning and that you are not immune from inheriting biases associated with culturally diverse groups in our society.
  • Be aware that persons of color, LGBT individuals, women, and other groups may perceive mental illness/health and the healing process differently than those from a privileged group.
  • Be aware that Euro-American healing standards originate from a cultural context and represent only one form of helping that exists on an equal plane with others.
20
Q

what is culture

A

the thoughts, beliefs, practices and behaviors of a person(s) in the areas of history, religion, social organization, economic organization, political organization, and collective production.

21
Q

what are some examples of embedded subcultures

A
  • Corporate
  • Human Services
  • White collar/Blue Collar
  • “Rich”/”Poor”
  • Immigrant(Documented/ Undocumented)
  • Sports
  • Creative Arts
  • Farming
  • Medical
  • Regional
  • “Southern”
  • “Northern”
  • Military
  • Sexual Orientation
  • Academic
22
Q

what are the three parts of the tripartite model of personal identity

A

individual, group, and universal

23
Q

explain individual part of the tripartite model

A
  • each person is unique in genetic makeup, personality, and personal experience (individual differences set us apart from other human beings)
  • Examples: hair color, introvert/extravert, etc.
24
Q

explain group part of the tripartite model

A

-focuses on the basic similarities and differences among individuals (society divides us up into groups based on various demographic characteristics, therefore a part of our identities is based on our membership in these groups)

Examples: Culture, neighborhood, psychology

25
Q

explain the universal part of the tripartite model

A

there are characteristics that we share with all other human beings such as biological needs (food/water), common life experiences (birth/death), and common practices or behaviors (i.e.-the use of language for communication)

26
Q

ethical responsibilities for counselor

A
  • acknowledge and recognize ethnic, racial, and cultural factors as significant to the counseling relationship;
  • respect and be aware of the many ethnic, cultural, and racial factors that might contribute to the orientation and values of the client;
  • consider the impact, importance, and potential support of community and social agencies that the client might be involved with
  • recognize and attend to the social, economic, and political acts of racism, sexism, discrimination, and prejudice; and
  • consider within-group differences for clients of all ethnic, racial, cultural, gender, and class groups..