spirituality, religion Flashcards
what is spirituality
personal experiences with a Higher Power, things that are special, transcendent, and of value to the individual.
4 spiritual needs for the individual
- Purpose or meaning for life
- Transcendence or notion of the greater good beyond oneself
- Develop a person relationship with a deity or higher being (s)
- Meaningful relationships/ depth
what is religion
associated with an institutional affiliation and dogma, means, methods, rituals
-ritual, doctrine/dogma, emotion/connection, ethics, community, knowledge
common definition of religion
Recognizing the importance of an experience that brings peace and the search for that.
ethics surrounding religion/spirituality
- Psychologists have the responsibility to not only address “visible group membership differences” but other identity factors that intersect and influence client socialization process and life experiences such as language, spiritual/religious orientations, sexual orientation, age, disability, socioeconomic situation, and historical life experience; e.g., immigration and refugee status, etc…
- understand identity develops across contexts and times and is affected by cultural influences
why doesn’t religion get discussed
Lack of knowledge, taboo, unresolved questions in own faith
why does religion need to be discussed
- Embedded in other identities/cultures
- Power and privilege
- Life events can alter one’s spiritual identity
- How does the client make sense of life? Values? Present? Past Future? (why am i here? what is the purpose? etc)
history and current state of religion
16th century not uncommon for religious institutions to take care of mental illness
-“care of souls”
Psyche=soul or mind
In 1900s, Sigmund Freud described religion as a ‘universal obsessional neurosis’
Psychology establishing itself as a science
Medicalization of mental health led to alienation of religious/indigenous/spiritual communities
1970s brought more attention and inclusion of interfaith marriages
Separation remained through the 20th century with the major movements being made in the last 30 years.
what is transpersonal psychology
Integration of physical, emotion, and spiritual experiences
- out of body experiences
- Clairvoyance
- Past life experiences
- Time travels
- Sensory
- Near death
stats on spirituality
most people engaged in prayer, most believe in prayer
microaggressions and religion
- Exoticization (Seen with Jewish, Islam, and Eastern Religions)
- Endorsing Stereotypes
- Assumption of One’s Own Religious Identity as the Norm
- Assumption of Religious Homogeneity
collectivism, spirituality, and mental health
- Religious services
- Sense of connection with an Higher Power and the community
- Personal Meaning/Well-Being
- What is the purpose of all this?
- Trust and comfort knowing that there is a purpose
- Resilience
religion and negative consequences
- Guilt
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Individuals with negative or punitive images of God or a Higher presence report higher symptoms of depression, anxiety, paranoia, obsession, low self-esteem, and compulsion
when to bring up religion
suicide, grief/loss, transitions/adjustments, relationships/commitment, raising kids, holidays/celebrations
Griffith and Griggs Marcia Developmental Model
- Diffusion-lack of interest
- Foreclosure-conformity to gain acceptance
- Moratorium –critical examination
- Achievement-integrate into identity
