The Mouth and Face 4 Flashcards
Describe the fungiform papillae?
They are rounded and appear red because they are not keratinised.
Describe the filiform papillae.
They are rougher and they are keratinised.
Describe the foliate papillae.
These have deep folds between them on the side of the tongue near the sulcus terminalis.
What is the posterior 1/3 of the tongue roughened by?
It is roughened by collections of lymphoid tissue in the mucous membrane.
What is the lingual artery a major branch of?
This is a major branch of the external carotid artery.
Where does the lingual artery arise close to?
It arises close to the hyoid bone.
What does the lingual artery form as it passes to the middle constrictor muscle?
It forms a characteristic loop as it passes forwards to the middle constrictor muscle.
How does the lingual artery run into the tongue?
It runs into the tongue by travelling deep to the hypoglossus muscle and as it does so it lies on the outer surface of the genioglossus muscle.
What are the main branches of the lingual artery?
- dorsal lingual arteries
- depp lingual arteries
What do the dorsal lingual arteries supply?
They supply the dorsum of the tongue.
Where do the deep lingual arteries go to?
They go to the tip and undersurface of the tongue.
What do the dorsal branches of the lingual artery contribute to?
They contribute to the supply of the palatine tonsil.
What are the prominent blue veins that are visible on the undersurface of the tip of the tongue?
These are branches of the deep lingual veins which accompany the deep lingual arteries.
How is general sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue conveyed?
It is conveyed in the lingual nerve.
How is general sensation from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue conveyed?
It is conveyed in the glossopharyngeal nerve which is the 9th cranial nerve.
How is taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue conveyed?
It is conveyed in the chorda tympani via the lingual nerve to the facial nerve in the petrous temporal bone.
How do taste fibres from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue travel?
They travel in the glossopharyngeal nerve.
What part of the tongue does the vagus nerve innervate?
This innervates a small part at the back of the tongue that is adjacent to the epiglottis and piriform fossa and it recieves general sensory fibres that run in the vagus nerve.
What does the superficial musculature of the face surround?
It surrounds the ear, nose, mouth and orbit.
What are the superficial muscles of the face known as?
They are known as the muscles of facial expression.
What do the facial muscles form around each of the orifices of the face, i.e. the nose, mouth, etc?
They form sphincters and dilators around each of the orifices.
What are all of the muscles of facial expression supplied by?
They are supplied by the facial nerve which is the 7th cranial nerve.
Describe the path of the facial nerve so far.
- nerve goes into the internal acoustic meatus
- through petrous temporal bone and middle ear
- appears in the infratemporal fossa as it emerges through the stylomastoid foramen
What is the muscle around the eye called?
This is called the orbicularis oculi. The fibres of the muscle form a sphincter around the eye.
What is the name of the muscle that lies above the eyes in the scalp?
There is a large muscle called the frontalis that lies above the eyes in the scalp.
What is the frontalis attached to superiorly?
It is attached to the epicranial aponeurosis superiorly.
Where is the occipitalis attached to?
This a muscle that lies deep in the vault and this is attached tot he epicranial aponeurosis anteriorly.
What structures make up the occipitofrontalis?
- occipitalis
- epicranial aponeurosis
- frontalis
What is the mouth surrounded by?
It is surrounded by a large circular sphincter muscle which is called the orbicularis oris - this muscle has no bony origin.
What do we have around the orbicularis oris in a radial manner?
We have muscles that raise the upper lip, raise or depress the corner of the mouth, and depress the lower lip.
Where does the bucchintor muscle lie?
This lies on a deeper plane in the side of the cheek and it is also a muscle of facial expression and it is also supplied by the facial nerve,
Why is there no strong sphincter muscle around the nose?
Because this would be a distinct disadvantage but there are some small muscles that dilatate the nostrils and act as important accessory muscles of respiration.
Describe the small muscles around the ear.
These are more important in other animals that in humans.
Describe the platysma muscle.
This is a muscle in the neck which is also a muscle of facial expression and it is supplied by the facial nerve.
Where does the facial artery leave the external carotid artery?
It leaves the external caroptid artery near the lingual artery.
When does the facial artery reach the border of the mandible?
It reaches the border of the mandible just anterior to the masseter muscle.
What is the path of the facial artery from the border of the mandible?
It runs a tortuous twisting course past the angle of the mouth and the side of the nose.
What does the tortuous course of the facial artery allow for?
It allows for movements of the face and the jaw – when the jaw is opened widely, for example during yawning, the facial artery is stretched so that its course is straighter.
At the side of the nose, what is the facial artery renamed as?
The angular artery.
Where does the angular artery continue to?
It passes to the medial angle of the eye and the anastomoses with orbital vessels here.
Where do branches of the angular artery go?
- some terminal branches go into the scalp and they anastomose here
- labial branches go to the lips
- branches to the external nose
- gives a branch that passes obliquely back across the cheek
- this anastomoses with the transverse facial branch of the superficial temporal artery
What does the facial vein accompany?
It accompanies the facial artery
What do the facial vein and the facial artery pass deep to?
They pass deep to the zygomaticus major in the cheek but only the artery passes deep to the zygomaticus minor on its way to the medial angle of the eye. The vein remains more superficial here.
What does the facial vein communicate with?
It communicates with the orbital veins and intracranial venous sinuses.
How does the facial vein form the common facial vein?
The facial vein joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein.
What does the common facial vein drain into?
It drains into the internal jugular vein.
Where is the facial nerve found?
It is found superficially in the face.
What kind of fibres does the facial nerve contain?
It has only motor fibres.
What does the facial nerve supply?
It supplies the muscles of facial expression including the bucchinator.
Describe the course of the facial nerve through the parotid gland.
It passes through the superficial substance of the parotid gland and it divides into its terminal branches within the substance of the parotid gland.
