The Molecules Of Life

Question 1

Important elements in the body

Answer 1

CHON+SP 
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen 
Sodium 
Potassium

Question 2

Electron shells

Answer 2

2,8,8

Question 3

Sub atomic particles

Answer 3

Protons = 1 unit = in nucleus = positive charge 
Electrons = no weight = in shells= negative charge 
Neutrons = 1 unit = in nucleus = no charge

Question 4

Atomic weight is calculated by

Answer 4

Proteins + neutrons

Question 5

Atomic charge

Answer 5

All atoms are neutral

IONS have a positive or negative charge after they’ve donated or accepted (cation vs anion) an electron

Question 6

Electron shells

Answer 6

If completed = inert and unreactive = helium

Incomplete = reactive to get stable

Question 7

Ways to get stable number 1

Answer 7

Ionic bonding = electrical attraction between cations and anions
Donate or accept electron
Forms cations and anions
Eg. Sodium and chloride, sodium donates to chloride
Tends to form LATTICE as the change in electrostatic charge tends to attract more molecules

Question 8

Electrolytes

Answer 8

Soluble, organic molecules
Conduct electricity therefore vital for…
1. Muscle function
2. Nerve function
SPCP are the important ones Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphate
Help maintain osmotic balance
If unbalanced cause issues eg. ^k= weak HB, vk=muscle paralysis

Question 9

What is electricity

Answer 9

The moving of charged particles from one place to another

Question 10

How to get stable 2

Answer 10

Covalent bonding
Sharing electrons to achieve a full outer shell> stability
Eg. H2O
In this case water still has a charge though as the electrons spend more time orbiting the O. O has more electronegativity therefore can enact a greater electrostatic charge on the electrons.

Question 11

Covalent bonds form?

Answer 11

Molecules

Eg. H20 or 02

Question 12

Molecular weight

Answer 12

Sum of the atomic weights in the molecule

Question 13

What measurement is used for measuring quantities of molecules

Answer 13

M=Moles or

Mm= micromoles

Question 14

Why use a different measurement to measure atomic quantities?

Answer 14

It works by measuring molecular weight. A complete molecular weight is = one mole of that substance
Eg. 1M NaCl= 58g (Na23 =Cl35)
But not all substances weigh the same
1M NaHCO3 = 84g
Therefore one cannot call for 50g both as you will get incomplete molecules.
The same weight will not yield the same concentration. Must be the same % of a mole

Question 15

Measuring concentrations of substances

The molarity of a solution tells us the amount of u=substance present.

Answer 15

Most reactions take place in solution
Therefore measured in Moles per litre or mol/litre
Eg. 0.5 molar solution of NaCl will be 0.5x58=29grams per litre