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HUBS Weekly Content > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Gonands

A

Primary sex organs
Contain gametes
Secrete sex hormones

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2
Q

Accessory reproductive organs

A

External genitalia
Ducts
Glands

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3
Q

Male reproductive structures

A 
Testis 
Epididymis 
Deferent duct 
Urethra 
Penis
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4
Q

Testis

A

Seminiferous tubules> produce sperm
Interdisciplinary cells> produce testosterone
3 degrees lower than body temp

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5
Q

Epididymis

A

Long, coiled duct

Stores and matures sperm

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6
Q 
Deferent duct 
(Vas deferens)
A

Cut in vasectomy

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7
Q

Urethra

A

Transports sperm

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8
Q

Penis

A

Delivers sperm

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9
Q

Accessory glands males

A

Seminal vesicles

Prostate

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10
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Produce 70% of semen volume

Provide nutrients to allow them to swim

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11
Q

Prostate

A

Provide 30% semen volume

Produces clotting factor (to prevent falling out when the sperm reach vagina and get acid shock)

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12
Q

Mammary glands, milk production

A

Lobules produce the milk

Then it travels along lactiferous duct to the nipple

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13
Q

Female reproductive structures

A

Ovaries
Oviducts
Uterus

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14
Q

Ovaries

A

Store eggs

Releases egg at right time

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15
Q

Oviducts

A

Site of fertilisation

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16
Q

Uterus

A

Site of implantation
Cervix projects into vagina, mucous blocks sperm and bacteria

Endometrium= inner lining, 
Myometrium = muscle layer
Perimetrium = outside layer
17
Q

Regulation of ovarian function

A

Hypothalamus> luteinising hormone releasing hormone>pituitary>follicle stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone>ovary produces egg>corpus luteum>oestrogen and progesterone

18
Q

Uterus phases

A

Menstrual phase
Proliferation phase
Secretory phase

19
Q

The events are locked together by hormones

A

The FSH stimulates the egg to form which produces oestrogen which causes proliferation of the uterine wall
The LH causes the secretion of progesterone which makes the blood nutritious

20
Q

Gestational trimesters

A 
First trimester:
-embryological and foetal development 
-rudimentary organ systems 
Second trimester:
-develops organs and organ systems 
Third trimester:
-rapid foetal growth 
-deposition of adipose tissue
21
Q

First trimester

A

Cleavage:
-cell division after fertilisation, establishes blastocyst
Implantation:
-usually 7-10 days after fertilisation. Attachment to endometrium wall
Placentation:
-usually 14 days post fertilisation
-development of blood vessels around blastocyst
-formed from both maternal and foetal tissues
Embryogenesis:
-viable embryo established
-foundation organs laid.

22
Q

Implantation issues

A 
Approx 60% zygotes fail to implant 
Approx 30% of the successful miscarry 
-Genetic defect 
-trauma 
-uterine malformation 
-unknown
23
Q

HCG

A

Human chorionic gonandotrophin

Prevents corpus luteum degenerating thus sustains progesterone secretion

24
Q

Changes in mothers physiology

A 
Blood
Circulation 
Respiration 
Excretion 
Endocrine
25
Q

Changes to blood

A

Plasma volume increases by 50%

Erythropoiesis increases by 25%> increased demand for iron

26
Q

Changes in circulation

A

Cardiac output increases 30-50%

At term foetus receiving 17% mother cardiac output

27
Q

Respiration

A

Greater gas exchange demand

Ventilation decreases despite smaller capacity

28
Q

Excretion

A

Kidneys filtrate increases 30-50%

Greater retention of sodium and water due to hormonal changes

29
Q

Endocrine

A 
More cortisol = increas BGL
More aldosterone = increase sodium and water retention 
More prolactin = milk production 
More relaxin = soften cervix and pelvic 
More parathyroid = more plasma calcium
30
Q

Initiation of labour

A

Oestrogen increases from placenta (due to increased foetal cortisol):
-induces oxytocin receptors
Foetal cells release oxytocin:
-causes placenta to release prostaglandins
-positive feedback loop

31
Q

Labour stage one: dilation

A 
10 cm = fully dilated 
-weak uterine contraction force head against cervix
-cervix softens and dilates
-amnion ruptures 
Longest part of labour (6-12hrs)
Engagement:
-baby's head enters pelvis 
Baby's head rotates
-greatest dimension in anterior-posterior line
Crowning
32
Q

Stage 2: expulsion

A

Strong contractions every 2-3 minutes

Crowning

33
Q

Stage 3: placental

A

Usually within 30 mins of birth
Delivery of foetal membranes and placenta
Uterine contractions shear placenta from walls

34
Q

Infertility

A

Inability to conceive after 12 months unprotected sexual intercourse
Affects one in six Australians
Primary infertility = no prior conceptions
Secondary infertility = prior pregnancy

35
Q

Assisted reproductive technologies

A

Intrauterine insemination IUI
Gamete intra-fallopian tube transfer GIFT
In vitro fertilisation IVF
Intracytoplasmic sperm infection ICSI

HUBS Weekly Content (11 decks)

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