The molecules of life

Question 1

A cell may contain…

Answer 1

1000 different types small organic molecules

Question 2

What are the four main families of small organic molecules?

Answer 2

Sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides.

Question 3

Sugars and fatty acids are..

Answer 3

Energy source

Question 4

Nucleotides (ATP) are..

Answer 4

Energy carrier

Question 5

Functional groups of mono-saccharides

Answer 5

carbonyl and hydroxyl

Question 6

Hydrophilic

Answer 6

Water soluble

Question 7

Molecular formula for glucose

Answer 7

C6H1206

Question 8

In aqueous solution, 5 and 6 carbon sugars form…

Answer 8

Ring structures

Question 9

What do the carbonyl group reacts with?

Answer 9

A hydroxyl group.

Question 10

What are disaccharides?

Answer 10

Two mono-saccharides linked by a glycosidic bond.

Question 11

Starch (in plants) and glycogen (in animals)

Answer 11

Polymers

Question 12

Molecules in cells that are water-insoluble (hydrophobic), but soluble in organic solvents.

Answer 12

lipids

Question 13

Types of lipids:

Answer 13

Triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, steroids and cholestrol.

Question 14

Unsaturated (oleic acid) are..

Answer 14

Liquid in room temperature

Question 15

Saturated (stearic acid)

Answer 15

Solid in room temperature

Question 16

Formed by ester linkages between fatty acids and glycerol.

Answer 16

Triacylglycerols (triglycerides)

Question 17

Are insoluble in water. Stored as fat droplets within cells

Answer 17

Hydrophobic

Question 18

Based in glycerol, but one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group

Answer 18

Glycerophospholpids

Question 19

How is the phosphate group linked in glycerophospholipids

Answer 19

Is linked to a hydrophilic (head group)

Question 20

Glycerophospholipids are..

Answer 20

Amphipathic

Question 21

Have a hydrophilic “head” and hydrophobic “tails”

Answer 21

Amphipathic

Question 22

Phospholipid bilayer forms..

Answer 22

Cell membrane

Question 23

What is a necessary component of animal cell membranes?

Answer 23

Cholestrol

Question 24

What does modulates membrane fluidity?

Answer 24

Rigid structure

Question 25

Nucleotides: the building blocks of RNA and DNA consist of:

Answer 25

A pentose sugar, a nitrogenous and phosphate groups.

Question 26

What other functions do nucleotides also have?

Answer 26

ATP

Question 27

What does ATP do?

Answer 27

Carries chemical energy in its phospho-anhydride bonds

Question 28

What does protein carry out?

Answer 28

Structural and transport functions of the body

Question 29

Example of a biological catalysts:

Answer 29

Enzymes

Question 30

What is amino acids?

Answer 30

Building blocks of proteins.

Question 31

How many amino acids?

Answer 31

20 in all living organisms.

Question 32

Amino acids are linked by..

Answer 32

peptide bonds

Question 33

What are not involved in peptide bonding?

Answer 33

Side chains (R groups)

Question 34

What determine protein folding?

Answer 34

Interactions of side chains