Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical biochemistry > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

How many classes are nutrients divided into?

A

6 classes: carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamines, minerals and water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nutrients that provides energy source for body work

A

Carbohydrate, protein and fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Maintaining a constant internal environment

A

Water, minerals, protein and fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Providing structural components for growth development and maintance of body tissues and fluids

A

Protein, fat and water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Regulating metabolic processes

A

Carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals and water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Non-essential nutrients

A

Nutrients that can be eliminated from the diet with no adverse health consequences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Essential nutrients

A

Nutrients that the body cannot synthesize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many essential nutrients?

A

45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does provide energy to the body?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins and fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do not provide energy to the body?

A

Vitamines, minerals and water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does Alcohol provide energy to the body?

A

Yezyez

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does carbohydrate mean?

A

A class of nutrients ranging from simple sugars.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is carbohydrate primary role?

A

Provide energy to the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why are consumption of simple sugars which are added into many sweetened beverages and processed foods the primary reason for potensial impact on health?

A

Because when we digest sugar, enzymes in the small instetine break it down into glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glucose can be converted to..

A

Glycogen (glycogenesis) in muscle and the liver for storage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carbohydrates functions

A

Provide glucose –> the brain and the white and red blood cells rely as their sole source og energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carbohydrate functions

A

Energy to facilitate body metabolism and control body temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is protein “spared”

A

To be used for its primary role of tissue synthesis when fat in the diet meets energy needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is ketone bodies?

A

When there is too little carbohydrate, products of fatty-acid metabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most abundant carbohydrate found in the nature?

A

Glucose (monosaccharide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is disaccharides formed?

A

By linking two monosaccharides together to form maltose, lactose and sucrose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Example of sugar alcohols:

A

Sorbitol and mannitol (forms of glucose and fructose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sugars end with the suffix…

A

-ose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Digestive enzymes end with the suffix..

A

-ase

25
Q

What is a “available” or “glycaemic” carbohydrate

A

Fraction of carbohydrate that can be digested by human enzymes. Absorbed and enters intermediary metabolism.

26
Q

“Unavailable” or “non-glycaemic” carbohydrate

A

Digested by the gut microbiota.

27
Q

What is “non-glycaemic” carbohydrate producing?

A

Short chain fatty acids, which are used as fuel for tissues.

28
Q

What is the simplest carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides, glucose, fructose and galactose.

29
Q

What are the final breakdown product of carbohydrate?

A

Glucose

30
Q

What are glucose and monosaccharides known as?

A

Known as “simple sugars”

31
Q

Where is glucose naturally?

A

In fruits and vegetables –> grapes, figs, tomatoes and apples.

32
Q

Where can we find fructose?

A

Sweetest monosaccharides: Found in honey and many fruits.

33
Q

Where is galactose found?

A

Found in dairy products.

34
Q

How is disaccharides composed?

A

Two monosaccharides

35
Q

Three major disaccharides is

A

Lactose, maltose & sucrose.

36
Q

Food sources for sucrose:

A

sugar cane, sugar beets, maple sugar, fruits & vegetables.

37
Q

Food sources for maltose:

A

Malt beverages and cereals. Malt liquor (strong lager), beer.

38
Q

Food sources for lactose

A

Milk and related dairy product only.

39
Q

What is polysaccharides

A

Composed of more than 10 sugar units linked toghether in different configurations.

40
Q

What does the dietary of polysaccharides include?

A

It include starch & fibre.

41
Q

What is starch?

A

Plant form of storage for polysaccharides

42
Q

Where is starch found?

A

Found in 2 digestible form (amylose and amylopectin)

43
Q

What is resistant starches?

A

Starches that are not digestible.

44
Q

Example of resistant starch

A

Legumes.

45
Q

What is Glycogen?

A

Animal storage form of glucose.

46
Q

Where is Glycogen formed?

A

Formed in the liver through –> “glycogenesis”

47
Q

Where is Glycogen stored?

A

Stored in the muscle and liver for utilization when the body needs energy.

48
Q

Example of Sugar Alcohols (polyols)

A

Sorbitol, xylitol and mannitol.

49
Q

Sources of Sugar Alcohols?

A

Plants and industrially produced.

50
Q

How is Sugar Alcohols used in the food industry?

A

Used as sweeteners.

51
Q

Where is sugar alcogols fermented?

A

By the microbiota in large intestine (2 kcals/g)

52
Q

What is a important energy source for cells?

A

Carbohydrates

53
Q

What regulate the concentration of blood glucose?

A

Homeostatic mechanisms.

54
Q

What happens if glucose levels exceed the energy needs?

A

Insulin - secreted -> direct excess glucose to be stored as glycogen.

55
Q

What happens when the body needs energy?

A

Glucagon is secreted –> stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose.

56
Q

What happens when there is high levels of serum (blood) glucose (hyperglycaemia)

A

Diabetes mellitus

57
Q

What does diabetes mellitus cause

A

Blindness, amputations, renal disease, premature deaths.

58
Q

Symptoms of T1DM

A

Polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (excessive appetite) and polyuria (excessive urination)

59
Q

Other symptoms of T1DM

A

Weight loss, dehydration and electrolyte disturbances.

Medical biochemistry (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions