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Biology 12 > The Molecules Of Cells > Flashcards

The Molecules Of Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving

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2
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Water hating

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3
Q

Acids

A

Substances that release hydrogen ions

Contain more H+ than OH-

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4
Q

Bases

A

Substances that either take up hydrogen or release OH

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5
Q

pH scale

A

Ranges from 0-14

14 being most basic and 0 being the most acidic

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6
Q

Buffer

A

Maintains the pH of a substance

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7
Q

Organic molecules

A

Always contain carbon and hydrogen

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8
Q

Monomer

A

Simple organic molecule

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9
Q

Polymer

A

Serval monomers put together

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10
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Water is taken out

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11
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

Water is added

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12
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Function for quick fuel and short term energy storage

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13
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Simple sugar. Can’t be broken down

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14
Q

Disaccharide

A

Two monosaccharides joined together

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15
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Long polymers such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose

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16
Q

Starch and glycogen

A

Large storage forms of glucose found In animals and plants

17
Q

Cellulose

A

Known as fiber, we can’t digest it

18
Q

Lipids

A

Consists of fats, oils, and steroids

Can not dissolve in water

19
Q

Function of fats

A

Long term energy storage

Insulated against heat loss

Forms protective cushion around major organs

20
Q

Triglyceride

A

Fancy name for fat

Made up of three parts

21
Q

Fatty acid

A

Hydrocarbon chain that ends with the acidic group COOH

22
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

NO double bonds

23
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

Have double bonds between carbons

24
Q

Phospholipids

A

Contain phosphate group

Head is polar, body is non-polar

Can breakdown in water

25
Q

Steroids

A

Four fused carbon rings

26
Q

Proteins

A

Polymers composed of amino acid monomers

27
Q

Enzymes

A

Speed chemical reactions

28
Q

PolyPeptide

A

Chain of amino acids that are joined to one another by peptide bonds

29
Q

Primary structure

A

The level of structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids that join to form a polypeptide

30
Q

Secondary structure

A

Hydrogen bonding between amino acids cause the polypeptide to form an alpha helix or beta sheet

31
Q

Tertiary structure

A

Covalent bonding cause the polypeptide to fold and twist

32
Q

Quaternary stricture

A

Occurs when two or more polypeptides join to form a single protein

33
Q

Denatured

A

When proteins go under extreme heat or pH change they undergo irreversible change In shape

Biology 12 (9 decks)

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