Dna Structure And Gene Expression Flashcards
Purine
1) double ring
2) adenine and guanine
Pyrimidines
1) Single ring
2) thymine and cytosine
Nucleotide (3 parts)
1) phosphate
2) sugar
3) nitrogenous containing base
Backbone of dna
Alternating sugar and phosphate
Complementary base pairing
A-T
C-G
DNA replication
The process of copying one DNA double helix into two
Enzymes used
Dna ligase and DNA polymerase
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
Where does translation take place
In the cytoplasm
Translation
The sequence of mRNA bases determines the sequence of amino acids
CTG AGC CCT ACG
GAC UCG GGA UGC
Aspartic Acid Serine Glycine Cysteine
Transcription
Portion of DNA serves as a template for mRNA formation
CTG AGC CCT ACG
GAC UCG GGA UGC
The purpose of messenger RNA
To carry genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis
Transfer RNA
Brings amino acids to the ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis
Anticodon
Triplets of 3 bases complementary to a codon of mRNA
Initiation
Brings all the translation components together
Elongation
Protein synthesis step in which a polypeptide increases in length of one amino acid at a time
Termination
Final step in protein synthesis. PolyPeptide and the assembled components that carried out of protein synthesis are separated from one another
Gene mutation
Permanent change in the sequence of bases of DNA
Causes of mutations
Errors in replication
Mutagens
