The molecule Of heredity Flashcards
Transfer RNA
Brings AA’s to the ribosomes
Translation
Process of changing the info in a sequence of n-bases in RNA that make up protein
Mutation
Any change in the DNA sequence
Point mutation
A change in a single base pair
Nucleotiles
Smaller sub units
Purines
Adeline and guanine
Pyrimidines
Cytosine and thymine
Double helix
2 twisted strands; looks like a twisted ladder
Human cell=
50,000-100,000 genes
Messenger RNA
Copy that carries information for making a protein chain of the cell
Human genome project
International research program to determine sequence of nucleotides bases for human species
Ribosomal RNA
Some parts of DNA code for RNA that make up ribosomes
Transcription
Enzymes make an RNA copy off DNA
Replication
Copying DNA
Genetic code
Sequence of N-bases along 1 strand is a code for the synthesis of proteins
Codon
Each set of 3 n bases represented in AA
Proteins
Complex polymers of amino acids
Sequence of 2 bases only gives __ possible combos for AA’s
16
Sequence of 3 bases provides more than __ combos for AA’s
20
How many combos are possible to code for AA’s?
64
Remaining 3 codons are signals to stop making the chain=
“Stop codon”
When all DNA has been copied, how many copies of the organisms genetic info are their?
2
The cell has to copy chromosomes in order to what?
Divide
Each strand serves as a pattern to make a ____
New DNA molecule
Different proteins have___
Different functions
What do enzymes do to h bonds that hold two strands together?
Breaks the bond
Nucleotides connect/combine to form what?
2 long chains that are joined by h bonds
Components of nucleotides:
Deoxyribose
Phosphate group
Nitrogen base
